Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Numbers 7:12/אור החיים על במדבר ז׳:י״ב

אהַמַּקְרִיב בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ? וְאוּלַי שֶׁבָּא לוֹמַר שֶׁהֵבִיא מִשֶּׁלּוֹ וְלֹא מִשֶּׁל הַשֵּׁבֶט. וּלְדִבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ספרי פיסקא מח) שֶׁדִּיְּקוּ דָּבָר זֶה מִמַּה שֶׁכָּפַל לוֹמַר בְּכָל אֶחָד ״זֶה קָרְבַּן נַחְשׁוֹן״ וְגוֹ׳ ״זֶה קָרְבַּן נְתַנְאֵל״, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ מִשֶּׁלָּהֶם, טַעַם אָמְרוֹ קָרְבָּנוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁתֵּי בְּחִינוֹת הַקְרָבָה: א׳ הַפְלָגַת זְכֻיּוֹתָיו וְקֻרְבָתוֹ לִפְנֵי ה׳ כָּאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (במדבר רבה יג,י) נִפְלָאִים מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל נַחְשׁוֹן, וְהַב׳ הַקָּרְבָּן עַצְמוֹ. לָזֶה אָמַר הִקְרִיב אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ, פֵּרוּשׁ, הִקְרִיב קָרְבָּן הָאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן עִם קָרְבָּנוֹ הַנֶּעְלָם שֶׁהוּא סֶגֶל מַעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב אֲשֶׁר הִפְלִיא עֲשׂוֹת. וְתֵדַע כִּי עִם קָרְבַּן הָאָדָם יִתְיַחֲדוּ וְיִתְוַעֲדוּ כֹּחוֹת הַקְּדֻשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר סֻבְּבוּ מִמֶּנּוּ וַאֲשֶׁר אֵלָיו. עוֹד לְצַד כִּי בְּחִינַת הַקָּרְבָּן יַפְעִיל הַקְרָבַת עַנְפֵי הַקְּדֻשָּׁה, וְהֵעִיד הַכָּתוּב כִּי הִשִּׂיגָה יַד נַחְשׁוֹן לְהַקְרִיב אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ, פֵּרוּשׁ הַצָּרִיךְ לְהַקְרִיב מִנִּיצוֹצֵי הַקְּדֻשָּׁה וַעֲנָפֶיהָ הִקְרִיב וְיִחֵד יַחַד כָּל הַצָּרִיךְ לְהִתְקָרֵב וּלְהִתְיַחֵד מִבְּחִינָתוֹ, וְהוּא מַאֲמַר הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת קָרְבָּנוֹ, וְזֶה יַעֲשֶׂה בְּכֹחַ וּבְכַוָּנָה בַּהֲבָאַת הַקָּרְבָּן.
1 המקריב ביום הראשון, the one who presented (his gift) on the first day, etc. Why did the Torah have to write the words את קרבנו, (what else did he offer)? Perhaps the Torah wanted to emphasize that the princes each paid for these sacrifices (gifts) out of their own pockets. It was not paid for by the respective tribe's treasury. Sifri item 48 derive this from the repetition of the words: "this was the offering of so and so," after each report of the prince who offered his sacrifice. The reason the Torah also wrote קרבנו, "his offering," before listing the nature of the offering is because the offering consisted of two aspects. 1) acknowledgment of the exceptional merits of the prince bringing the offering; 2) the offering itself. Bamidbar Rabbah 13,10 extols Nachshon's merits for instance, telling us details of his accomplishments. The words הקריב את קרבנו mean that in addition to the visible aspect of the offering there was an invisible aspect, i.e. the devotion to G'd of the person offering the gift. It is well to remember that whenever a person offers an offering to G'd as a gift, such an offering is accompanied by the forces of sanctity which surround such a person. Moreover, it is the nature of the offering to activate various "branches" of sanctity. Our verse testifies that Nachshon succeeded in "offering his sacrifice," i.e. to imbue it with the "sparks" of sanctity and to thereby accomplish all that it is possible to accomplish by means of such a gift-offering.
בלְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה. וְלֹא אָמַר ״נָשִׂיא״ כְּכָל הָאָמוּר בְּכָל הַמַּטּוֹת, לוֹמַר כִּי רָאוּי הוּא נַחְשׁוֹן לְהַקְרִיב רִאשׁוֹן הֲגַם שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה נָשִׂיא וּמַעֲלָתוֹ מִצַּד עַצְמוֹ, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בְּכָל שְׁאָר הַנְּשִׂיאִים כִּי מַעֲלָתָם הִיא לְצַד הֱיוֹתָם נְשִׂיאֵי הַשֵּׁבֶט לְבַד. עוֹד יִרְצֶה לְהַפְלִיג מַהוּתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה מַחְשִׁיב עַצְמוֹ כְּנָשִׂיא אֶלָּא כְּאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַשֵּׁבֶט. וּלְצַד שֶׁמָּצִינוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (תנחומא במדבר פסוק מ״ח) שֶׁבִּקְשׁוּ לִדְרֹשׁ בִּשְׁמוֹת הַנְּשִׂיאִים כָּל אֶחָד כְּפִי מַעֲשָׂיו, נִרְאֶה כִּי צַדִּיק זֶה שְׁמוֹ גַּם כֵּן יַגִּיד כִּי הוּא זֶה אֲשֶׁר הָיָה יָחִיד שֶׁנִּתְנַדֵּב לְקַדֵּשׁ שְׁמוֹ בִּירִידָה לַיָּם, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ נַחְשׁוֹן אוֹת נוּ״ן מִתְחַלֶּפֶת בְּלָמֶ״ד בְּאוֹתִיּוֹת דטלנ״ת, שֶׁהֲגַם שֶׁהָיָה נַחְשׁוֹל שֶׁל יָם גּוֹבֵר בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּקְרְאוּ עַמִּי, נָדַב וְיָרַד לַיָּם, כְּמַאֲמָרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סוטה לז:).
2למטה יהודה, of the tribe of Yehudah. The Torah omitted the word נשיא prince, although this title is used in connection with all the other princes when they are introduced as offering their respective gifts. The reason for this is that Nachshon was on a spiritually sufficiently high level to have qualified as the first one to bring this offering even if he had not been the prince of his tribe. The status of most of the other princes was due only to their having been elected as princes of their respective tribes. The Torah also wanted us to know that Nachshon did not think of himself in terms of his title, his position, but considered himself as "one of the people." Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehoshua in Tanchuma on verse 48 make an attempt to interpret the respective names of the princes as describing each prince's special accomplishments. According to their reasoning Nachshon's name reflects that he was the only one willing to risk his life by marching into the sea of reeds before Moses was given instructions to split the sea. The letter נ in his name can be exchanged for the letter ל seeing he confronted the spirit of the waves נחשול when he precipitously entered the sea and became the catalyst which led to the splitting of the sea of reeds (the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably ד,ל,נ,ת for the letter נ).