Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Exodus 3:12/רמב"ן על שמות ג׳:י״ב

אוַיֹּאמֶר כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ וְזֶה לְּךָ הָאוֹת רַבּוּ הַפֵּרוּשִׁים בַּמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה. וְהַנָּכוֹן עַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט, כִּי הקב"ה אָמַר לְמֹשֶׁה שְׁנֵי דְּבָרִים, שֶׁיָּרַד לְהַצִּילוֹ מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם, וְהָיָה אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּצִּילֵם מִיָּדָם בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן עַצְמָהּ אוֹ קָרוֹב מִשָּׁם, אֲבָל הִבְטִיחַ עוֹד לְהַעֲלוֹתוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ הַהִיא כֻּלָּהּ אֶל מְקוֹם הַכְּנַעֲנִי (שמות ג':ח'):
וּמֹשֶׁה נִתְיָרֵא מִשְּׁתֵּיהֶן, וְאָמַר מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אֵלֵךְ אֶל פַּרְעֹה, אֲנִי שְׁפַל אֲנָשִׁים רוֹעֶה צֹאן וְהוּא מֶלֶךְ גָּדוֹל, וְאִם אוֹמַר אֵלָיו לַעֲזֹב אֶת הָעָם כֻּלּוֹ יַהַרְגֵנִי, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל "וְשָׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַהֲרָגָנִי" (שמואל א ט"ז:ב') וְאָמַר עוֹד מִי אָנֹכִי כִּי אוֹצִיא אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לִי לְהַעֲלוֹתָם אֶל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, כִּי עַם חָכָם וְנָבוֹן הַגּוֹי הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה, וְלֹא יַחְשְׁבוּנִי לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרַי אֶל אֶרֶץ עַמִּים גְּדוֹלִים וַעֲצוּמִים מֵהֶם, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתָּ לְהַעֲלוֹתוֹ אֶל אֶרֶץ טוֹבָה וּרְחָבָה אֶל מְקוֹם הַכְּנַעֲנִי:
כִּי הַהַצָּלָה מִיַּד פַּרְעֹה אֵינָהּ תְּלוּיָה בָּהֶם, אִם יִשְׁמַע פַּרְעֹה יָקֵל עֻלּוֹ מֵעֲלֵיהֶם וְיַצִּילֵם, אוֹ יְגָרְשֵׁם מֵאַרְצוֹ עַל כָּרְחָם וְעוֹד כִּי הֵם עַצְמָם יִשְׁמְעוּ אֶל כָּל אָדָם בָּזֶה, כִּי מִי הָאָדָם שֶׁלֹּא יִרְצֶה לָצֵאת מֵעֲבוֹדָה קָשָׁה שֶׁאֵין כָּמוֹהָ, אֲבָל הָעֲלִיָּה לְאֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ בָּהּ. וְכֵן הָיָה הַדָּבָר שֶׁהָיְתָה מִלְחֶמֶת הָעַמִּים הָהֵם קָשָׁה עֲלֵיהֶם מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף וּפַחְדָּתָם מִמֶּנָּה בְּמִצְרַיִם וּבַמִּדְבָּר:
זֹאת יִרְאָתוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ מִפַּרְעֹה וּפַחְדָּתוֹ מֵהֶם וְעַל שְׁתֵּיהֶן עָנָהוּ ה', אָמַר לוֹ אַל תִּירָא מִפַּרְעֹה כִּי אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לְהַצִּילְךָ וְזֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת אֶל הָעָם כִּי אָנֹכִי שְׁלַחְתִּיךָ אֲלֵיהֶם, כִּי בְּהוֹצִיאֲךָ אֶת הָעָם מִמִּצְרַיִם תַּעַבְדוּן אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים עַל הָהָר הַזֶּה, וּמֵאָז יְקַבְּלוּ עֲבוֹדַת הַשֵּׁם לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי מִצְוָתוֹ, "וְגַם בְּךָ יַאֲמִינוּ לְעוֹלָם" (להלן י"ט ט'), וְאַחֲרֶיךָ יָרוּצוּ לְכָל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר תְּצַוֵּם וְהִנֵּה נִגְלֵיתִי לְךָ בָּהָר הַזֶּה בְּלַבַּת אֵשׁ, כִּי כֵן יִהְיֶה בְּעֵינֵי כָּל הָעָם בְּעָבְדָם אוֹתִי בָּהָר הַזֶּה:
וְהִנֵּה לְמֹשֶׁה אוֹת בַּמֶּה שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחַד מִפַּרְעֹה כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִבְטִיחוֹ לְהַצִּילוֹ, וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵל יִהְיֶה לָהֶם אוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֲדוּ מִן הָעַמִּים בְּבוֹאָם אֶל הַר סִינָי כִּי לָצֵאת מִמִּצְרַיִם בִּרְצוֹן פַּרְעֹה אֶל מָקוֹם קָרוֹב דֶּרֶךְ ג' יָמִים לִזְבֹּחַ לֵאלֹהִים בְּוַדַּאי יִשְׁמְעוּ וְיַעֲשׂוּ כֵן בֵּין בִּרְצוֹנָם בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא בִּרְצוֹנָם: וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הָאֱמֶת, וְזֶה לְּךָ הָאוֹת כְּמוֹ "זֶה לִּי עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה" (בראשית לא מא) וְאָמַר כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ וְהִנֵּה לְךָ הָאוֹת אוֹת הַבְּרִית שֶׁאֶהְיֶה עִמְּךָ תָּמִיד, כְּדֶרֶךְ "אֲנִי הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ" (שם יז ד), כִּי אָנֹכִי הַשּׁוֹלֵחַ אוֹתְךָ שֶׁתַּעַבְדוּ אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים בָּהָר הַזֶּה, וְאָז אֶעֱלֶה גַּם אָנֹכִי בְּקֶרֶב הָעָם הַזֶּה אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר הֲכִנֹתִי (שמות כ"ג:כ'):
1AND HE SAID: BECAUSE I WILL BE WITH THEE; AND THIS SHALL BE THE TOKEN UNTO THEE, THAT I HAVE SENT THEE: WHEN THOU HAST BROUGHT FORTH THE PEOPLE OUT OF EGYPT, YE SHALL SERVE G-D UPON THIS MOUNTAIN. Explanations of this verse are numerous. The correct interpretation in line with the simple meaning of Scripture is that the Holy One, blessed be He, had said two things to Moses. [First], He would come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians.182 This might mean that He will deliver them out of their hands while they will remain in the land of Goshen itself or in some place nearby. Therefore, He further promised to bring them up out of that entire land to the place of the Canaanite.182But Moses was fearful of both [promises], saying, “Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh?183 I am but a humble person, a keeper of the flock, and he is a great king. If I will tell him to let the people go altogether, he will kill me.” This is similar in meaning to that which Samuel said. And if Saul hear it, he will kill me.184 And Moses said further, “Who am I … that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt,183 as Thou didst tell me to bring them up to the land of Canaan. Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people,185 and they will not hold me in sufficient esteem to go after me to the land of nations greater and mightier than they,186, Verse 38. as Thou hadst said, to bring them up … unto a good and large land … unto the place of the Canaanite.182 The delivery from the hand of Pharaoh — whether he will listen and lighten his yoke from upon them and thus deliver them [from bondage], or drive them out of his land against their will187 — is not dependent on them. Besides, they themselves will listen to any one on this matter — for what man is there who would not want to go out from unparalleled cruel bondage — but they will not give heed to go up to the land of Canaan.” Such indeed was the case. The war against those nations [in the land of Canaan] was hard on them from beginning to end, and they feared it while still in Egypt and later when they were in the desert. This then was the fear of Moses our teacher, of Pharaoh, and his apprehension of the children of Israel.And the Eternal answered him on both matters. He said to him: “Do not fear Pharaoh for I will be with thee to save thee. And this shall be the token unto thee for the people that I have sent thee to them, for when thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve G-d upon this mountain. From then on, they will take upon themselves the worship of G-d and walk in His commandments,188 and they will also believe in thee forever,189 and they will run after thee190 wherever thou shalt command them [to go]. Now I have revealed Myself to thee on this mountain in a flame of fire, for so it will be in front of all the people when they will serve Me on this mountain.”Thus in that which he saw, there was a sign for Moses that he should not fear Pharaoh since G-d assured him his deliverance. For Israel it was to be a sign that they should not fear the nations upon their coming to Mount Sinai, for to go out from Egypt — with Pharaoh’s consent — to a nearby place a three days’ journey,191 they would surely give heed and do so whether willingly or unwillingly.192By way of the Truth, [the mystic lore of the Cabala], ‘V’zeh’ (And this) shall be the token unto thee, is like the verse, ‘Zeh li’ (I have now been) twenty years in thy house,193 to me is twenty years.” Rabbeinu Bachya ben Asher here intimates that Ramban’s intent is to be understood in the light of the verse, ‘Zeh’ (This) is my G-d, and I will glorify Him (further, 15:2). See my Hebrew commentary here on Ramban, p. 290. thus alluding to the verses, Because I will be with thee, and behold there is a sign unto thee, the sign of the covenant that “I will be with thee always,” just as it is intimated in the verse, As for Me, behold, My covenant is with thee.194 “It is I who send you that you should serve G-d upon this mountain, and then I too will go up in the midst of this people into the place which I have prepared.”195