Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 15:5/רמב"ן על בראשית ט״ו:ה׳

אוַיּוֹצֵא אוֹתוֹ הַחוּצָה לְפִי פְּשׁוּטוֹ הוֹצִיאוֹ מֵאָהֳלוֹ אֶל הַחוּץ לִרְאוֹת הַכּוֹכָבִים. וּלְפִי מִדְרָשׁוֹ אָמַר לוֹ צֵא מֵאִצְטַגְנִינוּת שֶׁלְּךָ, שֶׁרָאִיתָ בַּמַּזָּלוֹת שֶׁאֵינְךָ עָתִיד לְהַעֲמִיד בֵּן, אַבְרָם אֵין לוֹ בֵּן, אַבְרָהָם יֵשׁ לוֹ בֵּן, שָׂרַי לֹא תֵלֵד, שָׂרָה תֵּלֵד, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ט"ו:ה'). וְהִנֵּה אַבְרָם הוֹלִיד אֶת יִשְׁמָעֵאל. אֲבָל פֵּרוּשׁ הַמִּדְרָשׁ כִּי אַבְרָם מְבַקֵּשׁ בֵּן יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר וְהִנֵּה בֶן בֵּיתִי יוֹרֵשׁ אֹתִי, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לוֹ "לֹא יִירָשְׁךָ זֶה כִּי אִם אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִמֵּעֶיךָ הוּא יִירָשֶׁךָ", וְצֵא מִן הָאִצְטַגְנִינוּת שֶׁלְּךָ, אַבְרָם אֵינוֹ מוֹלִיד בֵּן לְיָרְשׁוֹ, אֲבָל אַבְרָהָם מוֹלִיד בֵּן לְיָרְשׁוֹ. וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁהָיָה הָאִצְטַגְנִינוּת עַל זִוּוּגָם, שֶׁאַבְרָם וְשָׁרַי לֹא יוֹלִידוּ זֶה מִזֶּה וְאַבְרָהָם וְשָׂרָה יוֹלִידוּ. אֲבָל לְפִי דַּעְתִּי שָׂרָה תּוֹסֶפֶת בַּמִּדְרָשׁ לוֹמַר שֶׁהָיָה כֵּן גַּם בְּשָׂרָה, אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא הִבְטִיחוֹ עַתָּה בְּשָׂרָה, וְגַם בְּעֵת נְבוּאַת הַמִּילָה עֲדַיִן הָיָה אַבְרָהָם מִסְתַּפֵּק בְּשָׂרָה שֶׁתֵּלֵד:

1AND HE BROUGHT HIM FORTH OUTSIDE. According to the simple interpretation of Scripture it means that He brought him forth from his tent into the open so that he could see the stars. And according to the Midrash its explanation is as follows: G-d said to him, “Leave your astrological speculations, for you have seen by the constellations that you are not destined to raise a son. “Abram” indeed may not have a son, but “Abraham” will have a son; “Sarai” will not bear a child, but “Sarah” will bear a child. Thus the language of Rashi.But ‘Abram’ did have Ishmael!²³⁸The meaning of the Midrash, however, is that Abram sought a son who would qualify to become his heir, [which excluded Ishmael, who would not inherit him], even as he said, And, lo, my household slave will be mine heir.²³⁶ The Holy One, blessed be He, then said to him, “This man shall not be thine heir, but one born of thine own body shall be thine heir,²³⁹ and leave your astrological speculations. ‘Abram’ will not have a son as his heir, but ‘Abraham’ will have a son as his heir.”It is also possible that the astrological speculation concerned the pair together, namely, the “Abram and Sarai” as a pair will not beget children, and the Eternal now assured him that “Abraham and Sarah” will beget children. In my opinion, however, [the Divine assurance now given to Abraham did not mention Sarah, rather], her name is an addition on the part of the Midrash, meaning that such indeed was the case also with Sarah.²⁴⁰ The Holy One, blessed be He, however, did not assure him concerning Sarah at the present time. Even at the time of the prophecy concerning the circumcision, Abraham was still in doubt whether “Sarah” would bear a child.²⁴¹