Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 16:3/רמב"ן על בראשית ט״ז:ג׳

אמִקֵּץ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים מוֹעֵד הַקָּבוּעַ לְאִשָּׁה שֶׁשָּׁהֲתָה עִם בַּעֲלָהּ י' שָׁנִים וְלֹא יָלְדָה חַיָּב לִשָּׂא אַחֶרֶת:

1AT THE END OF TEN YEARS. This is the established period for a woman who has lived with her husband for ten years without having given birth to children, after which he is bound to take another.

בלְשֶׁבֶת אַבְרָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין יְשִׁיבַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עוֹלָה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר לוֹ "וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל" עַד שֶׁבָּא לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ט"ז:ג'). וְהַטַּעַם הַזֶּה אֵינֶנּוּ יָפֶה, שֶׁיְּשִׁיבַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ הֲלָכָה פְּסוּקָה הִיא שֶׁאֵינָהּ עוֹלָה לְשׁוּם אָדָם בָּעוֹלָם. וּמִשְׁנָה שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ בָּהּ (יבמות סד) בְּכָל אָדָם הִיא. וְאִם הָיָה מִפְּנֵי הַהַבְטָחָה הַזּוֹ לְאַבְרָם הָיְתָה עוֹלָה לִשְׁאָר הָאֲנָשִׁים. וּכְבָר טָעוּ בָּהּ גַּם כֵּן מִן הַמְּפָרְשִׁים טָעוּת אַחֶרֶת, שֶׁאָמְרוּ שֶׁאֵין דִּין הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לְהוֹצִיא הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁשָּׁהֲתָה עִמּוֹ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וְלֹא יָלְדָה וְלֹא שֶׁיִּשָּׂא אַחֶרֶת. וְאֵין הָעִנְיָן כֵּן, אֲבָל הַכַּוָּנָה לוֹמַר שֶׁאִם הָיָה אָדָם עִם אִשְׁתּוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ חָמֵשׁ אוֹ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּבָאוּ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין לָהֶם זְמַן עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים מֵעֵת בִּיאָתָם לָאָרֶץ, אוּלַי בִּזְכוּת הָאָרֶץ יִבָּנוּ, וְכֵן עָשׂוּ אַבְרָהָם וְשָׂרָה מָנוּ מֵעֵת בּוֹאָם שָׁם:

2AFTER ABRAM DWELLED IN THE LAND OF CANAAN. This tells us that the period he dwelled outside of the Land is not to be included in the count of those ten years since he was not told And I will make of thee a great nation³⁵³ until after he had come to the land of Israel. Thus the language of Rashi.This reason is not proper since it is a clear-cut halachic decision that the time spent living outside the Land is not to be included in the ten year period for any person in the world.³⁵⁴, was made to Abraham after he had come to the Land of Israel?” This language would make it appear that only in Abraham’s case was the time spent living outside the Land excluded from the ten year period, when it really applies to everyone. The Mishnah³⁵⁵ containing this principle applies to all men. And if it were as Rashi stated it, i.e., on account of this promise made to Abram, then for other people [the years they dwelled outside the land of Israel] should be included in the ten years period!³⁵⁶ Some Talmudic commentators³⁵⁷ have already made another mistake concerning this rule, stating that the law does not require a person who dwells outside the Land to divorce a woman with whom he has lived for ten years without her giving birth, nor does the law require him to marry another woman.³⁵⁸ But the matter is not so. Rather, the intent [of the law which excludes the period one dwells outside the land of Israel from the ten year total] is that if a man lived with his wife for five or ten years outside the Land and then they came to the land of Israel, we give them a period of ten years from the time they came to the Land, for perhaps due to the merit of the Land they will build up a family. And thus did Abraham and Sarah our mother do from the time they came there.