Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 17:26/רמב"ן על בראשית י״ז:כ״ו

אבְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה כָּתַב רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית י"ז:כ"ו) בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, שֶׁמָּלְאוּ לְאַבְרָהָם צ"ט שָׁנָה וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל י"ג, נִמּוֹלוּ. וּמָה טַעַם לְהַזְכִּיר זֶה, וְעוֹד שֶׁכְּבָר הִסְכִּימוּ (ר"ה י) לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר שֶׁבְּתִשְׁרֵי נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם וּבְתִשְׁרֵי נוֹלְדוּ אָבוֹת וּבְפֶסַח נוֹלַד יִצְחָק, וְהַכָּתוּב אָמַר "לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחֶרֶת", וְהוּא כָּתַב בְּסֵדֶר וַיֵּרָא (יח י) כִּי הַבְּשׂוֹרָה הָיְתָה בְּפֶסַח וְלַפֶּסַח הַבָּא נוֹלַד יִצְחָק. אֲבָל "בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה", שֶׁנִּצְטַוָּה בַּמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאת נִמּוֹל הוּא וִילִידֵי בֵיתוֹ שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְכָל מִקְנַת כַּסְפּוֹ. סִפֵּר הַכָּתוּב מַעֲלָתוֹ בְּיִרְאַת ה' וּמַעֲלַת כָּל בְּנֵי בֵּיתוֹ, שֶׁכֻּלָּם זְרִיזִים מַקְדִּימִין לְמִצְוֹת. וְאֵין טַעַם "נִמּוֹל אַבְרָהָם", שֶׁנִּמּוֹל הוּא בַּתְּחִלָּה, אֲבָל יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ נִמּוֹל מִתְּחִלָּה, וְכָל בְּנֵי בֵּיתוֹ, כִּי כֵן כָּתוּב (בראשית י"ז:כ"ג) "וַיִּקַּח אַבְרָהָם אֶת יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ וְאֵת כָּל יְלִידֵי בֵּיתוֹ" וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן "וְאַבְרָהָם בֶּן תִּשְׁעִים וָתֵשַׁע שָׁנָה בְּהִמֹּלוֹ", וְהַטַּעַם כִּי אַבְרָהָם נִזְדָּרֵז בְּמִצְוַת הַמִּילָה שֶׁלָּהֶם תְּחִלָּה וּמָל אוֹתָם הוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁזִּמֵּן לָהֶם מוֹהֲלִים הַרְבֵּה וְהוּא עוֹמֵד עֲלֵיהֶם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מָל אֶת עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁאִלּוּ הִקְדִּים מִילָתוֹ הָיָה חוֹלֶה אוֹ מְסֻכָּן בָּהּ מִפְּנֵי זִקְנָתוֹ וְלֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל לְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל בְּמִילָתָם:

1IN THE SELFSAME DAY WAS ABRAHAM CIRCUMCISED. Rashi wrote: “In the selfsame day when Abraham completed his ninety-ninth year and Ishmael his thirteenth, they were circumcised.”But what reason is there to mention this? Moreover, there is already general agreement with the words of Rabbi Eliezer⁴⁶³, 27a. See also Seder Noach, Note 148, for fuller discussion of this point. who said that in the month of Tishri the world was created, and in Tishri the patriarchs were born, with the exception of Isaac who was born on Passover. Now Scripture says that the birth of Isaac will be at this time in the next year,⁴⁶⁴ and Rashi himself wrote further on in Seder Vayeira⁴⁶⁵ that the tidings were given on Passover. Consequently, Isaac was born on the next Passover!⁴⁶⁶Instead, the expression, In the selfsame day, means that on the very day he was charged with this commandment, he and the men of his house — three hundred and eighteen⁴⁶⁷ — and all those purchased with his money were circumcised. Scripture thus tells of Abraham’s distinction with respect to the fear of G-d, as well as that of all the men of his house, i.e., that they were all zealous, fulfilling their religious duty as promptly as possible.Now the meaning of the phrase, was Abraham circumcised and Ishmael his son, is not that Abraham was circumcised first. Instead, it was Ishmael who was circumcised first, and then all the men of Abraham’s house, for it is so written: And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house,⁴⁶⁸ and after that it says, And Abraham was ninety years and nine when he was circumcised.⁴⁶⁹ The reason for this was that Abraham was zealous concerning the commandment to circumcise them first, either doing it himself or perhaps inviting many circumcisers whom he supervised, and then he circumcised himself. Had he performed his circumcision first, he would have been sick or in danger on account of his advanced age, and he would then not have been in a position to concern himself with their circumcision.Vayeira