Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 29:2/רמב"ן על בראשית כ״ט:ב׳

אוַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה בְאֵר בַּשָּׂדֶה וְהִנֵּה שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה עֶדְרֵי צֹאן רֹבְצִים עָלֶיהָ יַאֲרִיךְ הַכָּתוּב בַּסִּפּוּר הַזֶּה לְהוֹדִיעֵנוּ כִּי קוֹיֵ ה' יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ וְיִרְאָתוֹ תִּתֵּן עוֹז. כִּי הִנֵּה יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ בָּא מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהוּא עָיֵף, וַיָּגֶל לְבַדּוֹ הָאֶבֶן אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ צְרִיכִים אֵלֶיהָ כָּל הָרוֹעִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה עֶדְרֵי צֹאן אֲשֶׁר לָהֶם רוֹעִים רַבִּים וְשׁוֹמְרִים כֻּלָּם רוֹבְצִים עָלֶיהָ אֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לַהֲנִיעָהּ כְּלָל. וּלְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע':ח') גַּם בָּזֶה לָהֶם סוֹד רֶמֶז לֶעָתִיד, כִּי נִזְדַּמֵּן לוֹ כָּכָה שֶׁנִּכְנַס בְּדֶרֶךְ הַבְּאֵר, וְלֹא נֶאֶסְפוּ כָּל הָעֲדָרִים רַק שְׁלֹשָׁה מֵהֶם, וּבָא בַּזְּמַן שֶׁהָאֶבֶן עַל פִּי הַבְּאֵר וְהָעֲדָרִים שׁוֹמְרִים לָהּ, וְכָל הָעִנְיָן הַמְסֻפָּר כָּאן, לְהוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁיַּצְלִיחַ בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה וְיֵצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ זֶרַע זוֹכֶה לָרֶמֶז הַזֶּה, כִּי הַבְּאֵר יִרְמֹז לְבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְג' עֶדְרֵי צֹאן עוֹלֵי שְׁלֹשָׁה רְגָלִים, "כִּי מִן הַבְּאֵר הַהִוא יַשְׁקוּ הָעֲדָרִים", שֶׁמִּשָּׁם הָיוּ שׁוֹאֲבִין רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, אוֹ שֶׁיִּרְמֹז "כִּי מִצִּיּוֹן תֵּצֵא תוֹרָה" (ישעיהו ב ג) שֶׁנִּמְשְׁלָה לְמַיִם (ב"ק יז), "וּדְבַר ה' מִירוּשָׁלִַם". "וְנֶאֶסְפוּ שָׁמָּה כָל הָעֲדָרִים", בָּאִים מִלְּבֹא חֲמָת עַד נַחַל מִצְרַיִם (מלכים א ח סה), "וְגָלְלוּ אֶת הָאֶבֶן וְהִשְׁקוּ", שֶׁמִּשָּׁם הָיוּ שׁוֹאֲבִין רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, "וְהֵשִׁיבוּ אֶת הָאֶבֶן", מֻנָּח לָרֶגֶל הַבָּא:

1AND HE LOOKED, AND BEHOLD A WELL IN THE FIELD, AND LO THREE FLOCKS OF SHEEP LYING THERE BY IT. Scripture tells this story at length in order to let us know that they that wait for the Eternal shall renew their strength,⁵⁹ and the fear of Him gives strength. For here our father Jacob is coming from the journey and he is tired, yet he alone rolls away the stone, a task which required all the shepherds. The many shepherds and all the watchmen of the three flocks of sheep could not shift the rock.With respect to this chapter, our Rabbis in Bereshith Rabbah⁶⁰ also have a secret which alludes to the future. For it happened to him that he came to Haran by way of the well, and only three of all the flocks were gathered. He arrived at the time when the stone was yet upon the mouth of the well, and the flocks waited for the water thereof. Likewise, the matter which is narrated here is all for the purpose of letting it be known that Jacob will succeed in this venture and will have children worthy of the fulfillment of this allusion. For the well alludes to the Sanctuary, and the three flocks of sheep are symbolic of the pilgrims ascending to the Sanctuary during the three festivals.⁶¹, and Succoth. See Deuteronomy 16:16. The expression, For out of that well they watered the flocks, alludes to the fact that they drew holy inspiration from the pilgrimages to the Sanctuary. It may be that it alludes to the verse, For out of Zion shall go forth Torah⁶² — which has been likened to water,⁶³, 55:1, Baba Kamma 17a. and the word of the Eternal from Jerusalem.⁶² — And thither were all the flocks gathered⁶⁴ — from the entrance of Hamath unto the Brook of Egypt.⁶⁵. — And they rolled the stone from the well’s mouth and watered,⁶⁴ for they drew holy inspiration therefrom. And they put the stone back⁶⁴ to lie dormant until the next festival.