Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 31:19/רמב"ן על בראשית ל״א:י״ט
אוַתִּגְנֹב רָחֵל אֶת הַתְּרָפִים לֹא נִתְכַּוְּנָה אֶלָּא לְהַפְרִישׁ אָבִיהָ מֵעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ל"א:י"ט). וְאֶפְשָׁר כִּי הָיוּ לְלָבָן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר "לָמָּה גָנַבְתָּ אֶת אֱלֹהָי", אֲבָל לֹא הָיוּ כָּל הַתְּרָפִים נֶעֱבָדִים, כִּי אֵיךְ תִּמָּצֵא עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּבֵית אֲדוֹנֵינוּ דָּוִד (עיין שמואל א יט יג). וְהַקָּרוֹב מָה שֶׁאוֹמְרִים שֶׁהֵם כֵּלִים לְקַבֵּל הַשָּׁעוֹת, וְיִקְסְמוּ בָּהֶם לָדַעַת עֲתִידוֹת, וְהַמִּלָּה נִגְזֶרֶת מִלְּשׁוֹן "רְפֵה יָדַיִם" (שם ב יז ב) "נִרְפִּים אַתֶּם נִרְפִּים" (שמות ה יז), יִקְרְאוּ אוֹתָם "תְּרָפִים" לִרְמֹז בִּשְׁמָם כִּי דִּבּוּרָם כְּמוֹ נְבוּאָה רָפָה, תָּבֹא בָּרֹב וּתְכַזֵּב לְעִתִּים רְחוֹקוֹת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (זכריה י ב) "כִּי הַתְּרָפִים דִּבְּרוּ אָוֶן". וְהִנֵּה יַעֲשׂוּ אוֹתָם קְטַנֵּי אֲמָנָה לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים, לֹא יִשְׁאֲלוּ בַּשֵּׁם הַנִּכְבָּד וְלֹא יִתְפַּלְּלוּ אֵלָיו, רַק כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בַּקְּסָמִים אֲשֶׁר יַגִּידוּ לָהֶם הַתְּרָפִים. וְכָתוּב (שופטים יז ה) "וְהָאִישׁ מִיכָה לוֹ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים וַיַּעַשׂ אֵפוֹד וּתְרָפִים", וְשָׁם כָּתוּב (יח ה) "שְׁאַל נָא בֵאלֹהִים וְנֵדְעָה הֲתַצְלִיחַ דְּרָכֵינוּ", כִּי בִּתְרָפִים הָיוּ שׁוֹאֲלִים. וְכֵן הָיָה הָעִנְיָן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאֵפוֹד, כִּי אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר הֻרְגְּלוּ בְּאֵפוֹד הַקֹּדֶשׁ עָשׂוּ כִּדְמוּתוֹ וְהָיוּ שׁוֹאֲלִים בּוֹ וּמַאֲמִינִים בִּדְבָרָיו וְתוֹעִים אַחֲרָיו, גַּם בְּחָלְיָם לֹא יִדְרְשׁוּ אֶת ה' כִּי אִם בָּהֶם. וְזֶה טַעַם "וַיַּעַשׂ אוֹתוֹ גִדְעוֹן לְאֵפוֹד וַיַּצֵּג אוֹתוֹ בְעִירוֹ בְּעָפְרָה וַיִּזְנוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרָיו שָׁם וַיְהִי לְגִדְעוֹן וּלְבֵיתוֹ לְמוֹקֵשׁ" (שופטים ח כז), כִּי סָרוּ מֵאַחֲרֵי ה'. וְהִנֵּה לָבָן הָיָה קוֹסֵם וּמְנַחֵשׁ, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר (בראשית ל':כ"ז) "נִחַשְׁתִּי", וְאַרְצוֹ אֶרֶץ קוֹסְמִים מֵעוֹלָם, כְּדִכְתִיב (ישעיהו ב ו) "כִּי מָלְאוּ מִקֶּדֶם וְעֹנְנִים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים", וּבִלְעָם בֶּן בְּעוֹר הַקּוֹסֵם הָיָה מֵעִירוֹ, וְזֶה טַעַם "לָמָּה גָנַבְתָּ אֶת אֱלֹהָי":
1AND RACHEL STOLE THE TERAPHIM. Her intention was to wean her father from idol-worship. This is the language of Rashi.Now it is possible that Laban used the teraphim for idol worship, as he himself said, Why hast thou stolen my gods?193 But not all teraphim were for the purpose of worship, for how could one find idolatry in the house of our lord David.194 That which the commentators195 say seems reasonable, namely, that these are vessels to receive196 a knowledge of the hours, and they divine with them in order to gain knowledge of future events. The word teraphim is derived from the expressions: ‘rephai’ (weak) handed;197 ‘nirpim’ (idle) ye are, idle.198 They are called “teraphim” in order to hint by their name that their words are like a weak prophecy, usually occurring as a prophecy for many days hence199 and turning out to be false, just as the prophets have said, For the teraphim have spoken vanity.200 People of little faith set them up for themselves as gods. They do not seek to know by the glorious name of the Eternal, nor do they offer their prayers to Him. Rather, their deeds are guided by divination revealed to them by the teraphim. Thus it is written, And the man Micah had a house of G-d, and he made an ephod, and teraphim,201 and it is further written there, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of G-d that we may know whether our way which we are going shall be prosperous,202, 18:5. for they used to ask of the teraphim. Such also was the case in Israel with the ephod, for, having been accustomed to the sacred ephod203 they made something similar in form, and they would seek guidance of it, believe in its words, and blunder after it. Even in sickness they sought not G-d but only them.204 This is the meaning of the verse, And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah; and all Israel went astray after it there; and it became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house,205 for they turned aside from following the Eternal. Now Laban was a diviner and an enchanter, just as he said, I have divined.206 His country, too, was ever a land of diviners, as it is written, For they are replenished from the east, and with soothsayers like the Philistines,207 and Balaam the son of Beor the diviner was from his city.208 And this is the meaning of, Why hast thou stolen my gods?193