Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 31:33/רמב"ן על בראשית ל״א:ל״ג

אבְּאֹהֶל יַעֲקֹב וּבְאֹהֶל לֵאָה כָּתַב רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ל"א:ל"ג) בְּאֹהֶל יַעֲקֹב הוּא אֹהֶל רָחֵל, שֶׁהָיָה תָּדִיר אֶצְלָהּ. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "בְּנֵי רָחֵל אֵשֶׁת יַעֲקֹב", וּבְכֻלָּן לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֵשֶׁת יַעֲקֹב. "וַיָּבֹא בְּאֹהֶל רָחֵל", כְּשֶׁיָּצָא מֵאֹהֶל לֵאָה חָזַר לוֹ לְאֹהֶל רָחֵל קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּחַפֵּשׂ בְּאֹהֶל הָאֲמָהוֹת, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה, שֶׁהָיָה מַכִּיר בָּהּ שֶׁהִיא מְמַשְׁמְשָׁנִית. וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט אֵינֶנּוּ נָכוֹן שֶׁיִּקְרָאֶנּוּ בְּפָסוּק אֶחָד בִּשְׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת. וְרַבִּי אַבְרָהָם אָמַר (אבן עזרא על בראשית ל"א:ל"ג) שֶׁבָּא בְּאֹהֶל יַעֲקֹב וּבְאֹהֶל לֵאָה וּבְאֹהֶל שְׁתֵּי הָאֲמָהֹת, כִּי אֹהֶל אֶחָד לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁב שֵׁנִית אֶל אֹהֶל לֵאָה וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן אֶל אֹהֶל רָחֵל. וְגַם זֶה אֵינֶנּוּ נָכוֹן. וְעוֹד כָּתַב, וְהַקָּרוֹב אֵלַי שֶׁהַכָּתוּב אָחַז דֶּרֶךְ קְצָרָה וְאֵחַר לְהַזְכִּיר אֹהֶל רָחֵל, לְהַזְכִּיר בְּכֻלָּן "וְלֹא מָצָא" כִּי לֹא הָיוּ שָׁם, וְחָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ כִּי בְּעֵת צֵאתוֹ מֵאֹהֶל לֵאָה בָּא בְּאֹהֶל רָחֵל אֲשֶׁר שָׁם הַתְּרָפִים. וְהוּא הַנָּכוֹן, אֲבָל כִּי אֹהָלִים הָיוּ לְכֻלָּם כִּי הָיָה זֶה מִצְּנִיעוּת הַצַּדִּיק, כִּי לְכָל אַחַת מֵאַרְבַּע הַנָּשִׁים הָיָה אֹהֶל מְיֻחָד בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁלֹּא תֵּדַע הָאַחֶרֶת בְּבֹאוֹ אֶל רְעוּתָהּ. גַּם אָסוּר הוּא בְּדִין תּוֹרָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהִזְכִּירוּ חֲכָמִים בְּמַסֶּכֶת נִדָּה (נדה י"ז), וּלְיַעֲקֹב אֹהֶל מְיֻחָד וְשָׁם תֹּאכַלְנָה עַל שֻׁלְחָנוֹ עִם בָּנָיו וְעִם בְּנֵי בֵּיתוֹ. וְטַעַם "אֵשֶׁת יַעֲקֹב" שֶׁהִזְכִּיר בְּרָחֵל עַל דַּעְתִּי כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ, בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁהִיא מֻזְכֶּרֶת בֵּין הַפִּילַגְשִׁים בַּפָּרָשָׁה הַהִיא (בראשית מ"ו:י"ט), וְלָכֵן לֹא אָמַר כֵּן בְּסֵדֶר וַיִּשְׁלַח יַעֲקֹב (לה כד) שֶׁיִּמְנֶה לֵאָה וְרָחֵל וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן הַשְּׁפָחוֹת:

1IN THE TENT OF JACOB AND IN THE TENT OF LEAH. Rashi comments: “In the tent of Jacob — this was Rachel’s tent, for he was constantly with her. And so also Scripture says, The sons of Rachel Jacob’s wife,²¹⁷ while in the case of the other wives it does not say ‘Jacob’s wife.’ And he entered into Rachel’s tent. When Laban left Leah’s tent he returned again to Rachel’s tent before he searched the tent of the two maid-servants. And why did he feel compelled to do all this? Because he knew her to be inclined to touch everything.” But in line with the plain meaning of Scripture, it is not correct for the same tent to be called by two names, [i.e., “the tent of Jacob” and “the tent of Rachel”] in one verse.And Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra said that Laban entered into the tent of Jacob, the tent of Leah, and the tent of the two maid-servants [the singular form “tent” being used] since one tent served both. Afterwards he came back a second time to Leah’s tent, and after that he entered into Rachel’s tent. But this too is incorrect.Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra further wrote: “The feasible interpretation appears to me to be that Scripture followed here a way of brevity and delayed mentioning the tent of Rachel in order to state concerning all of the others, but he found them not, as they were not there. Scripture then returns and explains that when he went out of Leah’s tent he came into Rachel’s tent where the teraphim were.” That is the correct interpretation.It is true that there were separate tents for all of the wives for this was due to the righteous man’s regard for modesty. Thus each one of the wives²¹⁸ had a separate tent so that one should not know when he came to the other. It is also a matter forbidden by Torah law, as the Sages have mentioned in Tractate Niddah.²¹⁹ And Jacob had a special tent, in which he would eat at his table with his children and people of the household. And the reason why Scripture mentions Jacob’s wife²¹⁷ in connection with Rachel in my opinion, according to its simple sense, is that she is mentioned in that chapter among the concubines. For this reason Scripture does not say so in the Seder Vayishlach Yaakov,²²⁰ for there it mentions Leah and Rachel and then the maid-servants.