Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 48:15/רמב"ן על בראשית מ״ח:ט״ו

אוַיְבָרֶךְ אֶת יוֹסֵף וַיֹּאמַר הַטַּעַם כִּי לְבָרֵךְ אֶת יוֹסֵף בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ אוֹתוֹ בֵּרַךְ אֶת בָּנָיו, וְיַגִּיד כִּי לֹא הָיָה לְיוֹסֵף זֶרַע אַחֵר וְהָיְתָה כָּל בִּרְכָתוֹ בְּבִרְכַּת אֵלֶּה הַנְּעָרִים, אוֹ שֶׁיִּקָּרְאוּ שְׁאָר בָּנָיו עַל שֵׁם אֲחֵיהֶם וּמִבִּרְכָתָם יְבֹרְכוּ גַּם הֵם, וְהוּא הַנָּכוֹן בְּעֵינַי, כִּי הַנָּבִיא אוֹמֵר "וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ אֲשֶׁר הוֹלַדְתָּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם לְךָ יִהְיוּ", וּדְבָרוֹ לֹא יִהְיֶה לָרִיק, אֲבָל הוֹלִיד אַחֲרֵי כֵן בָּנִים, כְּדַעַת אוּנְקְלוֹס שֶׁאָמַר "וּבְנִין דְּתוֹלֵד בָּתְרֵיהוֹן", וְיִהְיֶה "אֲשֶׁר הוֹלַדְתָּ" עָבָר בִּמְקוֹם עָתִיד, כְּמוֹ "אֲשֶׁר לָקַחְתִּי מִיַּד הָאֱמֹרִי", וְרַבִּים מִלְּבַדּוֹ, כִּי עַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט יֵרָאֶה שֶׁכְּבָר הָיוּ לוֹ בָּנִים שֶׁהוֹלִיד אַחֲרֵי בּוֹאוֹ אֵלָיו מִצְרַיְמָה, מִמָּה שֶׁהֻצְרַךְ לְהַאֲרִיךְ וְלֹא אָמַר, וְעַתָּה שְׁנֵי בָנֶיךָ הַנּוֹלָדִים לְךָ אֶפְרַיִם וּמְנַשֶּׁה כִּרְאוּבֵן וְשִׁמְעוֹן יִהְיוּ לִי וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ אֲשֶׁר תּוֹלִיד לְךָ יִהְיוּ. וְזֶה טַעַם מָה שֶׁאָמַר (בראשית מ"א:נ') "וּלְיוֹסֵף יֻלַּד שְׁנֵי בָנִים בְּטֶרֶם תָּבֹא שְׁנַת הָרָעָב", כִּי אַחֲרֵי הָרָעָב נוֹלְדוּ לוֹ עוֹד בָּנִים אֲחֵרִים, וְהַכָּתוּב לֹא יַזְכִּיר אוֹתָם כִּי אֵין בָּהֶם צֹרֶךְ:

1AND HE BLESSED JOSEPH, AND SAID. The meaning of this verse⁴⁸ is that in order to bless Joseph, out of his love for him, he blessed his sons. Scripture is relating that Joseph had no other children and his entire blessing was inherent in the blessing of these boys. It may be that [the blessing here was directed at Joseph himself, stating that] the other children who will be born to him in the future⁴⁹ shall be called by the name of their brothers and be blessed with their blessing.In my opinion this latter interpretation is correct since the prophet Jacob said, And the children that were born (‘holad’to’)⁵⁰ is in the past tense and means “were born to you.” Ramban will explain that Jacob’s words are to be understood as if they were in the future tense: “And the children that will be born to you after them shall be thine.” Joseph thus had other children besides Ephraim and Menasheh, whom Scripture does not record, as they were counted among the tribes of his first sons. after them, shall be thine, and his word would not be in vain.⁵¹ However, Joseph did beget children after that, just as is the opinion of Onkelos, who translated: “And the children that you will beget after them.” And thus, asher holad’to is a past tense replacing a future, just as in the verse, Which I took out of the hand of the Amorite,⁵² (I took) is to be understood as if it were in the future tense. and many additional verses besides. Even in line with the literal interpretation of Scripture it would appear that Joseph had children that he had begotten after his father came to him in Egypt. This is obvious from the fact that Jacob found it necessary to elaborate rather than say, “And now thy sons, Ephraim and Menasheh, who were born to thee, shall be mine as Reuben and Simeon, and the children that will be born shall be thine.” This is the reason why Scripture states, And unto Joseph were born two sons before the year of famine came,⁵³ since after the famine additional children were born to him, but Scripture does not mention them as there is no need for us to know of them [since they were absorbed into the tribes of Ephraim and Menasheh].

בהָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר הִתְהַלְּכוּ אֲבֹתַי לְפָנָיו אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק יִקְרָא הַנָּבִיא אֶל אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר לוֹ הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְעָשָׂה עִמָּהֶם אֶת הַגְּדֹלֹת וְאֶת הַנּוֹרָאֹת, וְיִקְרָא לֵאלֹהֵי הָאֱמֶת אֲשֶׁר הוּא רוֹעֶה אוֹתוֹ מֵעוֹדוֹ. וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה "הָרוֹעֶה אוֹתִי" מִגִּזְרַת "רֵעֲךָ וְרֵעַ אָבִיךָ אַל תַּעֲזֹב" (משלי כז י), כִּי בַּמִּדָּה הַהִיא שָׁלוֹם וְרֵעוּת, וְ"הַמַּלְאָךְ הַגּוֹאֵל" הוּא הָעוֹנֶה אוֹתוֹ בָּעֵת צָרָתוֹ, וְשֶׁאָמַר לוֹ "אָנֹכִי הָאֵל בֵּית אֵל" (בראשית ל"א:י"ג), וְהוּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר עָלָיו (שמות כג כא) "כִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ", וּלְכָךְ אָמַר "בְּקֶרֶב הָאָרֶץ", וַהֲרֵי זֶה מְבֹאָר לַמַּשְׂכִּיל. וְאַל יִקְשֶׁה עָלָיו "מֵעוֹדִי עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה" עִם מָה שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ בַּפָּסוּק "וַיִּזְבַּח זְבָחִים לֵאלֹהֵי אָבִיו יִצְחָק" (בראשית מ"ו:א'), כִּי מֵעוֹדוֹ יַנְחֵהוּ בְּדֶרֶךְ אֱמֶת, אֲבָל לֹא נִתְיַחֵד לוֹ הַמִּדָּה עַד שׁוּבוֹ לְאֶרֶץ אֲבוֹתָיו, מִפְּנֵי הֱיוֹתוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, גַּם בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁהֻצְרַךְ לְהִתְנַהֵג עִם לָבָן בְּדֶרֶךְ פְּתַלְתֹּל וְאֵינֶנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ הָאֱמֶת:

2THE G-D, BEFORE WHOM MY FATHERS, ABRAHAM AND ISAAC, DID WALK, THE G-D WHO HATH BEEN MY SHEPHERD ALL MY LIFE LONG UNTO THIS DAY. The prophet⁵⁴ (G-d) in this blessing: The G-d before Whom … the G-d who hath been my shepherd. calls upon the G-d of his fathers Who [has] the greatness and the power and Who did great and tremendous things for them, and [after that he refers to Him in a synonymous way and] he calls upon the true G-d, Who had been his shepherd all his life.It is possible that the word haro’eh (shepherd) — in the phrase, Who hath been my shepherd — is derived from the word rei’ah (friend), as in the verse, Thine own friend (‘rei’acha’), and thy father’s friend, forsake not,⁵⁵ for in that attribute there is peace and friendship. Do not find difficulty with the expression, all my life unto this day, in connection with that which we have written on the verse, And he offered sacrifices unto the G-d of his father Isaac,⁵⁶ for from his very inception He did indeed lead him in the true path, but His attribute of truth was not brought to bear upon him completely until he returned to the land of his ancestors as he was outside of the Land, and also because he was constrained to conduct himself in a crafty manner towards Laban, and that was not the path of truth.