Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 48:7/רמב"ן על בראשית מ״ח:ז׳

אוָאֶקְבְּרֶהָ שָּׁם כָּתוּב בְּפֵרוּשׁ רַשִׁ"י, וְלֹא הוֹלַכְתִּיהָ אֲפִלּוּ לְבֵית לֶחֶם לְהַכְנִיסָהּ לָאָרֶץ. וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מַהוּ, וְכִי בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ נִקְבְּרָה חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, שֶׁהֲרֵי בָּאָרֶץ מֵתָה וְשָׁם נִקְבְּרָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כָּאן בַּפָּרָשָׁה "מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן", וְשָׁם כָּתוּב עוֹד מְפֹרָשׁ (בראשית ל"ה:ו') "וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב לוּזָה אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן הִיא בֵּית אֵל", וּכְתִיב (שם פסוק טז) "וַיִּסְעוּ מִבֵּית אֵל וַיְהִי עוֹד כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ לָבוֹא אֶפְרָתָה" וּמֵתָה בַּדֶּרֶךְ בֵּין בֵּית אֵל וּבֵין בֵּית לֶחֶם אֶפְרָתָה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

1AND I BURIED HER THERE. In Rashi’s commentary it is written, “And I did not transport her for burial even to Bethlehem to bring her into the Land.”Now I do not know the meaning thereof. Was Rachel buried outside of the Land? Forbid it! She died within the Land, and she was buried there, just as it says here in the parshah: Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan.³⁴ And there in the narrative of her death it is still more clearly written, And Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan — the same is Beth-el,³⁵ and it is further stated, And they journeyed from Beth-el and there was still some way to come to Ephrath,³⁶, Verse 16. and Rachel died on the way between Beth-el and Bethlehem Ephratha in the Land of Israel.

בוָאֶקְבְּרֶהָ שָּׁם וְיָדַעְתִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בִּלְבָבְךָ עָלַי, אֲבָל דַּע לְךָ שֶׁעַל פִּי הַדִּבּוּר קְבַרְתִּיהָ שָׁם, שֶׁתְּהֵא לְעֶזְרָה לְבָנֶיהָ כְּשֶׁיַּגְלֵם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן וְהָיוּ עוֹבְרִים דֶּרֶךְ שָׁם, יָצְתָה עַל קִבְרָהּ וּבִקְשָׁה רַחֲמִים עֲלֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו לא יד) "קוֹל בְּרָמָה נִשְׁמָע רָחֵל מְבַכָּה עַל בָּנֶיהָ", וְהקב"ה מְשִׁיבָהּ, "יֵשׁ שָׂכָר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ וְגוֹ' וְשָׁבוּ בָנִים לִגְבוּלָם", לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית מ"ח:ז'). וְצָרִיךְ עַל כָּל פָּנִים שֶׁיִּהְיֶה רֶמֶז בַּמִּקְרָא לַטַּעַם הַזֶּה שֶׁאָמַר בְּאַגָּדָה זוֹ, וְשֶׁמָּא זֶהוּ מָה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל בַּדֶּרֶךְ וָאֶקְבְּרֶהָ שָׁם בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלוֹמַר בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר יַעַבְרוּ בָּהּ בָּנֶיהָ מֵתָה, וְשָׁם קְבַרְתִּיהָ לְטוֹבָתָם, כִּי הִיא לֹא מֵתָה בַּדֶּרֶךְ רַק בְּרָמָה שֶׁהִיא עִיר בְּאֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִין וְשָׁם נִקְבְּרָה, אֲבָל בְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁל עָתִיד מֵתָה, וְהַכָּתוּב לֹא יְפָרֵשׁ בַּעֲתִידוֹת רַק יִרְמֹז בָּהֶם. וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט גַּם כֵּן אָמַר לוֹ כֵּן כְּמִתְנַצֵּל, שֶׁלֹּא יִחַר לְיוֹסֵף בִּרְאוֹת חֶפְצוֹ בִּקְבוּרַת הַמְּעָרָה עַל שֶׁלֹּא קָבַר אִמּוֹ שָׁם וְכַאֲשֶׁר קָבַר שָׁם אֶת לֵאָה, וּלְכָךְ אָמַר לוֹ כִּי מֵתָה בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וְלֹא נִקְבְּרָה בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁר תִּהְיֶה קְבוּרַת מִצְרַיִם לְיַעֲקֹב, וּמֵתָה בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּפֶתַע פִּתְאוֹם וְלֹא יָכוֹל לְקָבְרָהּ שָׁם, כִּי אֵיךְ יַעֲזֹב אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת מִקְנֵהוּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְיֵלֵךְ מְהֵרָה עִמָּהּ לִמְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה, וְאַיֵּה הָרוֹפְאִים וְהָרְפוּאוֹת לַחֲנֹט אוֹתָהּ, וְזֶה טַעַם "עָלַי". וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה אֵינָהּ רְחוֹקָה מִשָּׁם רַק כַּחֲצִי יוֹם, הָיָה יַעֲקֹב כָּבֵד מְאֹד בַּמִּקְנֶה הַגָּדוֹל וּבְנֵי בַּיִת, וְלֹא יַגִּיעוּ שָׁם רַק בְּיָמִים רַבִּים, וְכֵן עָשָׂה בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַהוּא יָמִים רַבִּים עַד בּוֹאוֹ אֶל אָבִיו, וְשָׁנוּ חֲכָמִים (מו"ק כז), וְלֹא שֶׁל נָשִׁים לְעוֹלָם מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד. וַאֲנִי סָבוּר שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ דִּבְרֵי הִתְנַצְּלוּת, וְגַם יוֹסֵף יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁמֵּתָה בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְנִקְבְּרָה בָּאָרֶץ וְכָבוֹד עָשָׂה לָהּ בְּמוֹתָהּ, אֲבָל הַכַּוָּנָה לְיַעֲקֹב שֶׁלֹּא הוֹלִיךְ אוֹתָהּ לַמְּעָרָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִקְבֹּר שָׁם שְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת, כִּי יֵבוֹשׁ מֵאֲבוֹתָיו, וְלֵאָה הִיא הַנִּשֵּׂאת לוֹ רִאשׁוֹנָה בְּהֶתֵּר, וְרָחֵל בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ אוֹתָהּ בַּנֶּדֶר אֲשֶׁר נָדַר לָהּ לְקָחָהּ:

2AND I BURIED HER THERE. “Now I know that there is some resentment in your heart against me [for not having brought her into the city]. But you should know that I buried her there by the word of G-d, that she might help her children when Nebuzaradan³⁷ would exile them,” for when they passed along that road, Rachel came forth from her grave and stood by her tomb beseeching mercy for them, as it is said, A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children,³⁸ and the Holy One, blessed by He, answered her, Thy work shall be rewarded … and the children shall return to their own border.³⁹, Verses 16-17. This is the language of Rashi.Now in any case there should be some allusion in Scripture to this interpretation which is stated in this Agadah. Perhaps this is alluded to in the expression of the verse, She died by me … in the way … And I buried her in the way,⁴⁰ (in the way) is unnecessary except as an allusion to “the way” which Rachel’s children were destined to use when they went into captivity. (Bachya. See my Hebrew commentary on Ramban, p. 261.) that is to say, “She died on the road which her children would pass, and I buried her there for her advantage.” She did not die on the road, but in Ramah,⁴¹ a city in the land of Benjamin, and there she was buried. [Thus, according to the Midrash, Scripture is implying that] she died on the road which her children were destined to pass in the future, as Scripture does not fully explain future events but only alludes to them in a general manner.In line with the plain meaning of Scripture, it is likewise understood that Jacob spoke to Joseph in an apologetic vein so that when he discerned his father’s wish to be buried in the cave of Machpelah, Joseph should not be angered about his failure to bury his mother there just as he buried Leah there. It was for this reason that Jacob told him that she died in the land of Canaan, and she was not buried outside of the Land in the manner in which an Egyptian burial would befall Jacob. Furthermore, she died on the road suddenly, and he could not bury her in the cave of Machpelah for how could he leave his children and his flocks on the road and hurry with her body to the cave of Machpelah? And where could he find doctors and medicines to embalm her? This is the meaning of the word alai (by me) [in the verse, Rachel died by me]. Even though the cave of Machpelah is but a half-day’s distance from the place of her death, Jacob was heavily laden with much cattle and family, and he would not arrive there for many days. Thus he did indeed spend many days on that road until he came to his father. Our Sages have further taught:⁴² “The bier of a woman may never be set down, out of respect.”Now it is my opinion that these are but words of apology as Joseph already knew that Rachel died on the road and was buried in the Land, and that honor was paid to her when she died. But the reason Jacob did not transport Rachel to the cave of Machpelah was so that he should not bury two sisters there,⁴³ for he would be embarassed before his ancestors. Now Leah was the one he married first, and thus her marriage was permissible, while he married Rachel out of his love for her and because of the vow he made to her.⁴⁴