Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 16:12/רמב"ן על במדבר ט״ז:י״ב
אוַיִּשְׁלַח מֹשֶׁה לִקְרֹא לְדָתָן וְלַאֲבִירָם הִנֵּה דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם הֵם הָיוּ בַּעֲלֵי הַמַּחְלֹקֶת הַזּוֹ כְּקֹרַח, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר ״וַיִּקַּח קֹרַח וְדָתָן וַאֲבִירָם וַיָּקוּמוּ לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה וַאֲנָשִׁים מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ וְגוֹ', שֶׁהֵם הַמַּקְהִילִים אוֹתָם עַל מֹשֶׁה וְעַל אַהֲרֹן. וְהִנֵּה מֹשֶׁה דִּבֵּר אֶל קֹרַח וְאֶל כָּל עֲדָתוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ עוֹד ״אַתָּה וְכָל עֲדָתְךָ״ (במדבר ט״ז:י״א), כִּי אֵלָיו דִּבֵּר תְּחִלָּה כִּי הוּא הַגָּדוֹל בָּהֶם. וְהִנֵּה הַנּוֹעָדִים הָיוּ עֲדַת דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם גַּם כֵּן, וּלְכָךְ רָצָה עַתָּה לְדַבֵּר גַּם עִמָּהֶם וּלְהַזְהִירָם עַל עַצְמָם וְעַל כָּל הַנּוֹעָדִים שֶׁהֵם עֲדָתָם, וּלְפַיֵּס אוֹתָם בִּדְבָרִים טוֹבִים, דְּבָרִים נִחוּמִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, כִּי דְבָרָיו עִם קֹרַח פִּיּוּס לִבְנֵי לֵוִי לְבַדָּם. וְטַעַם וַיִּשְׁלַח כִּי הָלְכוּ מִלְּפָנָיו בְּדַבְּרוֹ עִם קֹרַח, וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן ״וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל קֹרַח״ (במדבר ט״ז:ח׳) אֲשֶׁר הָיָה עוֹדֶנּוּ עוֹמֵד לְפָנָיו שָׁם, אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיָה קֹרַח לֵוִי עוֹמֵד בְּמַחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה סָמוּךְ לְאֹהֶל מֹשֶׁה, כִּי כָּל זֶה הָיָה בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר ״אַתָּה וָהֵם וְאַהֲרֹן מָחָר״ (במדבר ט״ז:ט״ז), וְהוּא הַבֹּקֶר שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם ״בֹּקֶר וְיֹדַע ה' אֶת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ״ (במדבר ט״ז:ה׳). וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁהָיוּ דָתָן וַאֲבִירָם נְשִׂיאֵי עֵדָה חֲשׁוּבִים מֵאוֹן בֶּן פֶּלֶת, וְאִם הָיוּ הֵם מִתְרַצִּים אֵלָיו הָיָה אוֹן הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר עֲצָתָם, עַל כֵּן לֹא שָׁלַח אֵלָיו. וְהִנֵּה לֹא בָא וְלֹא הָיָה עִמָּהֶם וְלֹא עִם עֲדַת קֹרַח, כִּי הָלַךְ מִלְּפָנָיו כְּשֶׁהָלְכוּ לָהֶם דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם כַּאֲשֶׁר נִתְוַכַּח עִם קֹרַח, וְלֹא הוּשַׁב שָׁם, שֶׁכְּבָר חָזַר בּוֹ בַּעֲצַת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁהִצִּילַתּוּ כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (סנהדרין קט), כִּי הִנֵּה הַכָּתוּב לֹא הִזְכִּירוֹ שֶׁנִּבְלַע עִם דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם, וְהוּא לֹא הָיָה בְּתוֹךְ הָעֵדָה הַנּוֹעָדִים עַל ה' בְּמַקְרִיבֵי הַקְּטֹרֶת, כִּי הָיוּ חֲמִשִּׁים וּמָאתַיִם מִלְּבַד אַרְבָּעָה הַנִּזְכָּרִים תְּחִלָּה:
1AND MOSES SENT TO CALL DATHAN AND ABIRAM. Now Dathan and Abiram were the instigators of this controversy as much as Korach was, as Scripture states, Now Korach took … and Dathan and Abiram … and they rose up in the face of Moses with certain of the children of Israel etc.,84 meaning that they were the ones who roused them together against Moses and Aaron. Then Moses spoke [once] to Korach and to all his company,80 and furthermore said to him: thou and all thy company,85 for it was to him [Korach] that he spoke first, since he was the leader amongst them. Now amongst those that were gathered together were also the followers of Dathan and Abiram; therefore Moses wanted to speak to them also now, and to warn them about themselves and all those who were gathered together [with them], who were their company, and to appease them with good words, even comforting words86 to Israel, since his [earlier] words to Korach were a conciliation only to the Levites.The meaning of the expression and Moses sent is that Dathan and Abiram had gone away from his presence whilst he was speaking to Korach [as stated in Verses 5-7], and afterwards it again says, And Moses said unto Korach [Verse 8], who was still standing before him there, or maybe since Korach was a Levite he stayed in the camp of the Levites near the tent of Moses.87 All this happened on the first day [of the rebellion], just as Moses said, thou and they, and Aaron tomorrow,80 — this being the “morning” he mentioned to them: In the ‘morning’ the Eternal will make it known who are His.88It is possible that Dathan and Abiram, as princes of the congregation,54 were more distinguished than On the son of Peleth,54 and if they would have been won over to Moses, On would have followed their counsel; therefore Moses did not send for him. Thus On did not come, and was not present together with them [Dathan and Abiram], nor was he with Korach’s company; since he left him when Dathan and Abiram went away, while Moses was debating with Korach, and he never returned [to Korach’s company], because he changed his mind [after his original participation] on the advice of his wife who saved him, according to the words of our Rabbis.89 disciple!” For Scripture does not mention him [On] as one who was swallowed up [in the earth] together with Dathan and Abiram, nor was he among the company of those that gathered together against the Eternal90 who offered the incense, since there were two hundred and fifty men besides the four91 (Verse 2), and the fire which burnt those who offered the incense, destroyed two hundred and fifty men (further, Verse 35), it follows that On must have been saved. The death of Korach, Dathan, and Abiram, however, is expressly mentioned separately (ibid., Verses 27, and 32-33). mentioned at first.