Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 3:1/רמב"ן על במדבר ג׳:א׳
אוְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה וְגוֹ' – וְאֵינוֹ מוֹנֶה אֶלָּא בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן, וְנִקְרְאוּ תּוֹלְדוֹת מֹשֶׁה לְפִי שֶׁלִּמְּדָן תּוֹרָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמְלַמֵּד חֲבֵרוֹ תּוֹרָה מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִלּוּ יְלָדוֹ. בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר ה' אֶת מֹשֶׁה נַעֲשׂוּ אֵלּוּ תּוֹלָדוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ שֶׁלִּמְּדָן מַה שֶׁלָּמַד מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ״י (רש״י על במדבר ג׳:א׳). וְאֵין "בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּהַר סִינַי" אֶלָּא לוֹמַר שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹתָם בְּיוֹם שֶׁדִּבֶּר הַשֵּׁם אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּהַר סִינַי, וְאָמַר כִּי מֵתוּ נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא וְאֵין לָהֶם הַיּוֹם תּוֹלָדוֹת רַק אֶלְעָזָר וְאִיתָמָר. וְהִזְכִּיר זֶה לוֹמַר כִּי בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר ה' אֶל מֹשֶׁה בְּהַר סִינַי נִבְחֲרוּ אֵלֶּה לְמָשְׁחָה אוֹתָם וְלִהְיוֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֹלָם, וּשְׁאָר הַשֵּׁבֶט לֹא נִצְטַוָּה בִּבְחִירָתוֹ עַד עַתָּה. וְטַעַם הִזְכִּיר "תּוֹלְדוֹת אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה" בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִשְׁלִים מִסְפַּר כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְתוֹלְדוֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבוֹתָם וְרָצָה לְהַזְכִּיר תּוֹלְדוֹת שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי, הִתְחִיל בְּרָאשֵׁי הַשֵּׁבֶט הַהוּא. וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט כִּי טַעַם "תּוֹלְדוֹת אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה" לוֹמַר שֶׁהָיוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן כֹּהֲנִים מְשׁוּחִים נִבְדָּלִים מִן הַשֵּׁבֶט לִהְיוֹתָם קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, וְתוֹלְדוֹת מֹשֶׁה מִשְׁפַּחַת הָעַמְרָמִי אֲשֶׁר יַזְכִּיר לְמַטָּה (במדבר ג׳:כ״ז), כִּי אֵין בָּעַמְרָמִי זוּלָתִי בְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה נִמְנִים בַּלְוִיִּם. וְזֶה כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁכָּתוּב (דברי הימים א כג יג יד) "בְּנֵי עַמְרָם אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה וַיִּבָּדֵל אַהֲרֹן לְהַקְדִּישׁוֹ קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, וּמֹשֶׁה אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים בָּנָיו יִקָּרְאוּ עַל שֵׁבֶט הַלֵּוִי". וְהַדְּרָשׁ סְמָכוּהוּ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא פֵּרַשׁ "וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה" כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה בִּבְנֵי אַהֲרֹן, לִרְמוֹז כִּי בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן גַּם הֵם תּוֹלָדוֹת לְמֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּמְּדָם תּוֹרָה, כִּי הַתּוֹרָה תְּפָרֵשׁ וְתִרְמֹז:
1NOW THESE ARE THE GENERATIONS OF AARON AND MOSES IN THE DAY THAT THE ETERNAL SPOKE WITH MOSES IN MOUNT SINAI. “And yet [in the following verse] Scripture only enumerates the sons of Aaron, [as it is said, And these are the names of the sons of Aaron! If so, why does it say here and Moses?] They [were indeed the sons of Aaron, but] they are called the generations of Moses because he taught them Torah. This establishes the principle that if one teaches the Torah to one’s fellow man,143 Scripture accounts it to him as though he had begotten him. In the day that the Eternal spoke to Moses did these children [of Aaron] become his [Moses’], because he taught them then what he learned from the mouth of the Almighty.” This is Rashi’s language.However, the expression in the day that the Eternal spoke to Moses is intended [not to convey the idea mentioned by Rashi, but] only to say that these were [Aaron’s four] sons [namely, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, as mentioned in Verse 2] in the day that the Eternal spoke with Moses in Mount Sinai, and then Scripture states [in the following verses] that Nadab and Abihu died, and that therefore they144, for the reason that Rashi explained, but he is of course referring to Aaron’s sons. have no children now except Eleazar and Ithamar. Now Scripture mentions this in order to state that in the day that the Eternal spoke with Moses in Mount Sinai these [sons of Aaron] were chosen to be anointed, and their anointing shall be to them for an everlasting priesthood,145 but as for the rest of the tribe [of Levi], Moses was not commanded that they be chosen [for service in the Tabernacle] until now. And the reason why He mentioned the generations of Aaron and Moses at this place is that since He had completed the census of all Israel by their generations and by their fathers’ houses,58 and He now wanted to mention the generations of the tribe of Levi, He began with the leaders of that tribe.According to the plain meaning of Scripture, the sense of [the expression] the generations of Aaron and Moses is that the sons of Aaron were anointed priests separated from [the rest of] the tribe [of Levi] so that they be most holy,146 and the generations of Moses were the family of the Amramites which He mentions further on, since of the Amramites there were only the children of Moses,147 and they are counted among the Levites. This [verse] is thus similar to that which it is written, The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses; and Aaron was separated, that he should be sanctified as most holy.146 But as for Moses the man of G-d, his sons are named among the tribe of Levi.148 And the homiletic interpretation [which Rashi mentioned, that the generations of Aaron are also attributed to Moses because he taught them Torah], the Rabbis based upon [the fact that] Scripture does not state “and these are the names of the sons of Moses,” as it does with the sons of Aaron [stating in Verse 3: These are the names of the sons of Aaron — therefore the Rabbis explained that the verse says: Now these are the generations of Aaron and Moses] to allude to [the principle that] the sons of Aaron are also the generations of Moses because he taught them Torah, for it is the way of the Torah to explain and to allude [to spiritual truths].