Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 3:45/רמב"ן על במדבר ג׳:מ״ה
אתַּחַת כָּל בְּכוֹר בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל – הִנֵּה הַבְּכוֹרִים נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ לִהְיוֹת לַשֵּׁם מֵעֵת שֶׁצִּוָּה ״קַדֶּשׁ לִי כָל בְּכוֹר בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָדָם״ וְגוֹ' (שמות יג ב), וְהָיוּ בְּכוֹרִים רַבִּים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא נִפְדּוּ עַד הֵנָּה, שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נֶאֱמַר לְמִי יִהְיֶה הַפִּדְיוֹן, כִּי עַתָּה הוּא שֶׁנִּתְקַדְּשׁוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים וַעֲדַיִן לֹא נִצְטַוּוּ בְּמַתְּנוֹת הַכְּהֻנָּה. וְהִנֵּה הֵם עוֹמְדִים בִּקְדֻשָּׁתָן סְתָם, וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁהָיְתָה בָּהֶן עֲבוֹדַת הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (זבחים קיב). וְהַנִּרְאֶה אֵלַי כִּי הַבְּכוֹרִים הָאֵלֶּה כֻּלָּם לֹא נוֹלְדוּ בַמִּדְבָּר בְּשָׁנָה אַחַת, כִּי לֹא נִתְרַבּוּ הָעָם שָׁם כָּל כָּךְ, רַק כָּל הַבְּכוֹרִים אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל נִמְנוּ, כִּי כֻלָּם נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי שָׁם (שמות יג יא). וְעַתָּה הֶחְלִיפָם בַּלְוִיִּם וְהֵם פִּדְיוֹנָם, וְצִוָּה שֶׁיִּפְדּוּ הַנּוֹתָרִים וְנָתַן הַפִּדְיוֹן לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו כַּאֲשֶׁר הִיא מִצְוָה לְדוֹרוֹת:
1TAKE THE LEVITES INSTEAD OF ALL THE FIRSTBORN AMONG THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL. The firstborns had become sanctified to G-d from the time that He commanded Sanctify unto Me all the firstborn … among the children of Israel etc.181 There were thus many firstborns in Israel who had not been redeemed until now, since it had not yet been said who would “redeem” them, for it was only now that the priests became sanctified, and [Israel] had not yet been commanded about the gifts of the priesthood.182 Thus they [the firstborns] continued without restriction in their sanctity, and it is possible that they performed the Service of the offerings, as our Rabbis have said.183The correct opinion appears to me to be that not all these firstborns were born in the desert in one year, for the people did not increase there so rapidly [that there should have been twenty-two thousand firstborns in one year, corresponding to the twenty-two thousand Levites, with an excess over the Levites of two hundred and seventy-three].184 Rather, all firstborns of Israel [alive at that time, even those born many years previously] were counted, for they were all sanctified, as I have explained there.185 Now, He exchanged them for the Levites, and this was their “redemption,” and He commanded to redeem those that exceeded [the number of the Levites by means of each one giving five shekels]. And He gave the redemption-money to Aaron and his sons, as is the commandment for all generations [that a firstborn son be redeemed by giving five shekels to a priest].