Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Deuteronomy 1:22/ספורנו על דברים א׳:כ״ב
אוַתִּקְרְבוּן אֵלַי כֻּלְּכֶם. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיוּ לָכֶם רָאשִׁים מְמֻנִּים עֲלֵיכֶם לְצָרְכֵי רַבִּים, בָּאתֶם כֻּלְּכֶם.
1ותקרבון אלי כלכם, even though you had leaders appointed to act as your representatives, appointed to concern themselves with your communal concerns, you all ganged up on me.
בנִשְׁלְחָה אֲנָשִׁים. נִבְחַר אֲנַחְנוּ אֲנָשִׁים וְנִשְׁלַח, וְלָזֶה לֹא הִסְכִּים הָאֵל יִתְעַלֶּה וְאָמַר לְמֹשֶׁה ״שְׁלַח לְךָ״ (במדבר יג:ב) שֶׁיִּבְחַר הוּא הָאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא הֵם, פֶּן יִבְחֲרוּ הֶדְיוֹטוֹת שֶׁיּוֹסִיפוּ לְהָרַע. וּבְכֵן בָּחַר מֹשֶׁה ״כֻּלָּם אֲנָשִׁים״ (במדבר יג:ג) וּבְתוֹכָם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב. וְגַם הָרְשָׁעִים מֵהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִרְשִׁיעוּ לוֹמַר שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָר לְכָבְשָׁהּ, לֹא הֵעֵזוּ פְנֵיהֶם לוֹמַר שֶׁהָאָרֶץ רָעָה, אֲבָל סִפְּרוּ בְּשִׁבְחָהּ. בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁאַחַר כֵּן שָׁבוּ בִּתְשׁוּבָה, כַּאֲמָרוֹ ״וַתַּעֲנוּ וַתֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי חָטָאנוּ לַה׳״ (דברים א:מא), ״וַתָּשֻׁבוּ וַתִּבְכּוּ לִפְנֵי ה׳״ (דברים א:מה).
2נשלחה אנשים, “we ourselves want to appoint these men and dispatch them.” This was something G’d did not approve of, and this is why He told Moses: “you dispatch them!” (Numbers 13,2) The men that were to spy out the land were to be appointed by Moses himself, not by a mob. G’d was afraid that the people would appoint totally unsuitable people to be their spies. The Torah had therefore made a point of reporting that the men selected for this task by Moses were all known as outstanding people, כלם אנשים, including such men as Joshua and Calev. Even those among them, who in the end expressed their belief that they could not hope to conquer this land, did not have the effrontery to badmouth the land itself, but praised it as an excellent land. This was also why it was possible for the people to repent their sin, i.e. they had made a faulty judgment in believing the 10 spies’ assessment of the chances of conquering the land. (compare Numbers 13, 41-45.