Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Exodus 23:21/ספורנו על שמות כ״ג:כ״א

אהִשָּׁמֶר מִפָּנָיו. שֶׁלֹּא לְחַלֵּל כְּבוֹדוֹ, כְּעִנְיַן "שַׁל נְעָלְךָ מֵעַל רַגְלֶךָ" הָאָמוּר בִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע ה:טו).
1השמר מפניו, not to offend his dignity. The word is used in a sense similar to Joshua 5,9 (the angel speaking) “remove your shoe from your foot!”
בוּשְׁמַע בְּקֹלוֹ. לָצֵאת בְּעִקְּבוֹתָיו, הֵפֶךְ מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ "אָנָה אֲנַחְנוּ עֹלִים" (דברים א:כח).
2ושמע בקולו, to follow in his footsteps, the reverse of what the Israelites had done (as reported) in Deuteronomy 1,28 when they were willing to listen and to follow the 10 spies who had declared that it was impossible to attain their objective, i.e. the conquest of the land of Canaan.
גאַל תַּמֵּר בּוֹ כִּי לֹא יִשָּׂא לְפִשְׁעֲכֶם. אִם אִישׁ אֶחָד יֶחֱטָא יִלְקוּ הָרַבִּים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה הָעִנְיָן בְּעָכָן, כְּאָמְרוֹ (יהושע כב:כ) "הֲלֹא עָכָן בֶּן זֶרַח מָעַל מַעַל בַּחֵרֶם, וְהוּא אִישׁ אֶחָד לֹא גָוַע בַּעֲוֹנוֹ".
3אל תמר בו כי לא ישא לפשעכם, if even a single individual will sin, the punishment will include his fellow Jews. This is precisely what happened when Achan had stolen from the loot of Jericho and, because his sin had been covered up, Israel lost the first battle of Ai. (Joshua refers to this as a warning in Joshua 22,20. He reminds the people that Achan was not the only one punished for this sin but that G’d [presumably because He had invested His angel with such authority. Ed.] vented His anger at the entire nation.)
דכִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ. וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדוֹ לִמְחוֹל עַל כְּבוֹדִי.
4כי שמי בקרבו, and it is not in his power to forgive offenses against My honor.