Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Exodus 26:1/ספורנו על שמות כ״ו:א׳
אוְאֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן תַּעֲשֶׂה. קָרָא הַיְרִיעוֹת בְּשֵׁם מִשְׁכָּן, כִּי בְתוֹכָם הָיוּ כִּסֵּא שֻׁלְחָן וּמְנוֹרָה לְמִשְׁכַּן שְׁכִינָה, וְהָיוּ עֲשׂוּיוֹת כְּרוּבִים כְּעִנְיַן "שְׂרָפִים עֹמְדִים מִמַּעַל לוֹ" (ישעיהו ו:ב), וּכְעִנְיַן "וְכָל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם עֹמְדִים עָלָיו מִימִינוֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ" (מלכים א כב:יט), הַנִּרְאִים לַנְּבִיאִים בְּמַרְאוֹת הַנְּבוּאָה.
1ואת המשכן תעשה, the reason why these curtains are referred to by the Torah as משכן, “a residence,” is because in the space covered by them there were the kinds of furnishings normally found in a dwelling, i.e. table, cupboard (Ark), and a lamp stand. The dwelling was designed to house the presence of G’d more commonly referred to as the Shechinah. כרובים, the curtains were made with the patterns of cherubs woven into them, as we know from the description of Isaiah’s vision (Isaiah 6,2) that he perceived G’d surrounded by angels described as Seraphim. We also find another description of a similar type in Kings I 22,19 where the prophet Michayah describes his vision of G’d in these words: “I saw the Lord seated on His throne with all the host of heaven standing in attendance to the right and to the left of Him.”