Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Genesis 30:8/ספורנו על בראשית ל׳:ח׳

אנַפְתּוּלֵי אֱלֹהִים נִפְתַּלְתִּי. מִלְּשׁוֹן "צָמִיד פָּתִיל" (במדבר יט:טו), חִבּוּרִים אֱלֹהִים וְשֶׁל קְדֻשָּׁה הִתְחַבַּרְתִּי לְבַעֲלִי.
1נפתלי אלוהים נפתלתי, the word נפתולי is a variant of the word פתיל as in צמיד פתיל, a tightly fitted lid (Numbers 19,15) Rachel meant that her cleaving to her husband was an attachment containing spiritual, religious dimensions, making the bond between them immeasurably stronger.
בעִם אֲחוֹתִי. וְזֶה עָשִׂיתִי יַחְדָּיו עִם אֲחוֹתִי, שֶׁהִכְנַסְנוּ אֶת צָרוֹתֵינוּ לְבָתֵּינוּ יַחְדָּיו לְהַעֲמִיד שְׁבָטִים. כִּי אָמְנָם הִכְנִיסָה לֵאָה אֶת זִלְפָּה לְיַעֲקֹב בְּהֶכְרֵחַ קוֹדֶם שֶׁיִּוָּלֵד נַפְתָּלִי, כִּי בְּשֶׁבַע שָׁנִים נוֹלְדוּ שְׁמוֹנָה שְׁבָטִים: שִׁשָּׁה בְּנֵי לֵאָה וּשְׁנֵי בְּנֵי זִלְפָּה. וּכְשֶׁנַּחְשׁוֹב תִּשְׁעָה חֳדָשִׁים לְכָל עִבּוּר, הֵם שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם חֳדָשִׁים שֶׁהֵם שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים, מִלְּבַד תִּשְׁעָה חֳדָשִׁים עִבּוּר דָּן שֶׁקָּדְמוּ לְכָל עִבּוּרֵי הַשְּׁמוֹנָה שְׁבָטִים. וּמִכָּל זֶה יִתְחַיֵּב שֶׁמָּסְרָה לֵאָה אֶת זִלְפָּה לְיַעֲקֹב קוֹדֶם לֵידַת נַפְתָּלִי, כִּי בְּאוֹפֶן אַחֵר לֹא יַסְפִּיק זְמַן הַשֶּׁבַע שָׁנִים לְעִבּוּרֵי כֻּלָּם, אִם לֹא נֹאמַר שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ כֻּלָּם לְשִׁבְעָה חֳדָשִׁים וְשֶׁתֵּכֶף שֶׁיָּלְדוּ נִתְעַבְּרוּ וְלֹא שָׁמְרוּ שׁוּם טֻמְאַת לֵידָה.
2עם אחותי, I did this jointly with my sister, both of us having liberated our respective handmaids in order to enable them to become mothers of the founding fathers of the Jewish people. This is what they meant when considering the sons of these former handmaids as בנים instead of as עבדים. Accordingly, Leah had already liberated her handmaid Zilpah before Bilhah had given birth to Naftali. How else could 8 of the 12 tribes have been born within 7 years of Yaakov’s getting married? 6 of these sons were Leah’s and 2 were Zilpah’s. Assuming each pregnancy lasted 9 months, and further assuming that none of these pregnancies occurred simultaneously, 8 times 9 months amounts to 72 months, i.e. 6 years. Unless Leah had given her handmaid to Yaakov before Naftali was born there would not have been enough time for Joseph to have been born at the end of the second 7 years of Yaakov’s service. At that time, after Joseph’s birth, Yaakov requested permission to go home to his parents.(3,26). The only alternative to our calculation would be that all the children were born after only 7 months pregnancy, and that none of the mothers observed even basic days of ritual impurity before again sleeping with their husbands.
גגַּם יָכֹלְתִּי. הִשַּׂגְתִּי מַה שֶּׁרָצִיתִי בְּעִנְיַן מְסִירַת שִׁפְחָתִי לְבַעֲלִי:
3גם יכולתי, I have achieved what I had planned by giving my maidservant to Yaakov.