Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Genesis 35:10/ספורנו על בראשית ל״ה:י׳
אשִׁמְךָ יַעֲקֹב. אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם לְךָ עַתָּה זֶה הַשֵּׁם, שֶׁתִּהְיֶה קַיָּם אַתָּה לְבַדְּךָ בְּעָקֵב וּבְסוֹף כִּלְיוֹן כָּל שְׁאָר הָאֻמּוֹת, כְּאָמְרוֹ (ירמיהו מו:כח) "כִּי אֶעֱשֶׂה כָלָה בְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם וְאוֹתְךָ לֹא אֶעֱשֶׂה כָלָה":
1שמך יעקב, at this time I make your name Yaakov an eternal name, i.e. after all the other nations will have perished you alone will remain. This will give a positive meaning to the word עקב, “heel,” meaning something that will survive all that precedes it. Compare Jeremiah 46,28 כי אעשה כלה בכל הגוים ואותך לא אעשה כלה, “when I shall put an end to all the nations, I will not put an end to you.
בלֹא יִקָּרֵא שִׁמְךָ עוֹד יַעֲקֹב. וְכַאֲשֶׁר יִתְקַיֵּם עִנְיַן שֵׁם יַעֲקֹב שֶׁתִּשָּׁאֵר בַּסּוֹף אַתָּה לְבַדְּךָ, כְּאָמְרוֹ "הֶן עָם לְבָדָד יִשְׁכֹּן" (במדבר כג:ט), אָז לֹא יִהְיֶה עִנְיָן עוֹד לְשֵׁם יַעֲקֹב.
2לא יקרא עוד שמך יעקב, when the time will come when Yaakov will be the only surviving nation on earth as Bileam said in Numbers 25,9 הן עם לבדד ישכון, “this is a nation which will dwell in solitary splendour,” there will no longer be any significance to the name Yaakov. [as there are no others to relate its meaning to. Ed.]
גכִּי אִם יִשְׂרָאֵל יִהְיֶה שְׁמֶךָ. שֶׁתִּשְׂתָּרֵר עַל כָּל פְּלִיטֵי הָאֻמּוֹת, כְּאָמְרוֹ "וְקַרְקַר כָּל בְּנֵי שֵׁת" (במדבר כד:יז).
3כי אם ישראל יהיה שמך, seeing that you will rule, תשתרר over the remnants of all the nations that have ceased to exist as such. This also corresponds to the previous prophecy of Bileam in Numbers 24,17 וקרקר כל בני שת, “he (Yaakov) will smash all the foundation of the sons of Seth (mankind.)
דוַיִּקְרָא אֶת שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל. בֵּרַךְ אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיַּתְחִיל קְצָת עִנְיַן שֵׁם יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעַכְשָׁיו, שֶׁיּוּכַל נֶגֶד הַמִּתְקוֹמְמִים עָלָיו גַּם בְּאֶרֶץ לֹא לוֹ, כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סנהדרין עו): "כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁהָלְכוּ נַעֲשׂוּ שָׂרִים לַאֲדוֹנֵיהֶם".
4ויקרא את שמו ישראל, He blessed him in that the predictions which were meant for the end of time, were beginning to be implemented already from that time on, and not only while Yaakov was on holy soil in the land of Canaan, but even when he would be outside (as in Egypt). From this time on no one who would attack Yaakov and his family would meet with success. This was the meaning of what our sages said in Sanhedrin 76 that ”wherever Yaakov and his family walked on they became princes over their masters,” and this is what the prophet Jeremiah bewailed in Lamentations 1,1 as what the Jewish people lost as a result of the destruction of the Temple.