Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Leviticus 5:17/ספורנו על ויקרא ה׳:י״ז

אוְאָשֵׁם וְנָשָׂא עֲוֺנוֹ. כְּבָר קִבְּלוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (יומא פרק יום הכפורים) שֶׁזֶּה מְדַבֵּר בְּאָשָׁם תָּלוּי, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אִם חָטָא וְאִם לָאו. וְעַל זֶה אָמַר וְנָשָׂא עֲוֹנוֹ כְּפִי הָרָאוּי לוֹ, אִם חָטָא בְּשׁוֹגֵג, אוֹ לֹא נָפַל בְּחֵטְא אֲבָל הָיָה עֲוֹנוֹ שֶׁלֹּא נִזְהַר עַד שֶׁנָּפַל בְּסָפֵק, וּכְפִי עֲוֹנוֹ יִשָּׂא הָעֹנֶשׁ.
1ואשם ונשא עונו, our sages have a tradition that the Torah here speaks of an asham taluy, a guilt offering offered while the exact nature of the guilt is unclear. The person offering it is not even sure that he is guilty of an offence. Considering this state of affairs the Torah writes ונשא עוונו, he carries (the burden) of his guilt. The guilt is not spelled out precisely as it is not yet known. He may not actually have committed a sin, but this does not mean that he is free from guilt as had he been careful he would never have been in the predicament of not knowing if he had committed the specific sin he is afraid he might have committed.