Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Exodus 24:2/רמב"ן על שמות כ״ד:ב׳

אוְנִגַּשׁ מֹשֶׁה לְבַדּוֹ אֶל ה' גַּם זֶה עַל דַּעַת ר"א (אבן עזרא על שמות כ"ד:ב') שֵׁם בִּמְקוֹם כִּנּוּי, שֶׁהָיָה רָאוּי לוֹמַר אַחַר עֲלֵה אֶל ה', וְנִגַּשְׁתָּ לְבַדְּךָ, אֲבָל מִנְהַג הַלָּשׁוֹן כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר הִזְכַּרְתִּי (בפסוק הקודם). וְכֵן "וַה' הִמְטִיר עַל סְדֹם וְעַל עֲמֹרָה מֵאֵת ה'" (בראשית יט כד), וְהַטַּעַם מֵאִתּוֹ, "וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹבָב בֶּן רְעוּאֵל הַמִּדְיָנִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה" (במדבר י כט), הַטַּעַם חוֹתְנוֹ. וְכֵן "וַיִּשְׁלַח ה' אֶת יְרֻבַּעַל וְאֶת בְּדָן וְאֶת יִפְתָּח וְאֶת שְׁמוּאֵל" (שמואל א י"ב:י"א). וְכֵן "אָז יַקְהֵל שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת כָּל רָאשֵׁי הַמַּטּוֹת אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה" (מלכים א ח':א'):
וְהַנָּכוֹן בְּעֵינַי בְּכָאן כִּי הַדִּבּוּר הַזֶּה הָיָה גַּם לְאַהֲרֹן, שֶׁגַּם הוּא שָׁמַע כַּאֲשֶׁר קוֹל ה' אוֹמֵר לְמֹשֶׁה "עֲלֵה אֶל ה' אַתָּה וְאַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא וְשִׁבְעִים מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם מֵרָחֹק" (בפסוק הקודם), וְאִם כֵּן הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְהַזְכִּיר הַנִּגָּשׁ בְּשֵׁם, וְאִם יְדַבֵּר אֵלָיו לְנֹכֵחַ ג"כ הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְבָאֵר וְנִגַּשְׁתָּ אַתָּה מֹשֶׁה אֶל ה', וְלֹא יַסְפִּיק הַכִּנּוּי בּוֹ, וּלְפִיכָךְ אָמַר "וְנִגַּשׁ מֹשֶׁה לְבַדּוֹ וְהֵם לֹא יִגָּשׁוּ", וְזֶה טַעַם "לְבַדּוֹ", לְמַעֵט גַּם אַהֲרֹן הַנִּכְלָל עִמּוֹ בַּדִּבּוּר. וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁהָיָה רֶמֶז לַדִּבּוּר הַמִּתְעַלֶּה שֶׁיְּצַוֶּה לֵאמֹר לְמֹשֶׁה שֶׁיִּגַּשׁ אֶל ה'. וְהַמַּשְׂכִּיל יָבִין:
1AND MOSES ALONE SHALL COME NEAR UNTO THE ETERNAL. In the opinion of Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra this too is a case where a proper name is used instead of a pronoun, for after the expression, Come up unto the Eternal, it should have said, “and you alone shall come near,” but such is the Scriptural style, as I have mentioned.502 Similarly: And the Eternal caused to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Eternal,503 which means “from Him;” And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law,504 which means “his father-in-law.” Also: And the Eternal sent Jerubaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel,490 and similarly: Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes… unto King Solomon.505The correct interpretation here appears to me to be that this commandment was addressed also to Aaron, and he too heard the Voice of G-d saying to Moses, Come up unto the Eternal, thou, and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off.506 And if so, it was necessary that the name of the one who was to draw near [i.e., Moses] be expressly mentioned, for it was he alone who was to come near [and not Aaron]. And even if [we were to explain that when G-d said, Come up unto the Eternal etc.] He spoke to Moses directly [and Aaron did not hear it], it would still be necessary to explain that “you Moses alone shall come near unto the Eternal,” and the mere pronoun “thou” would not have sufficed.507 Therefore He said, And Moses alone shall come near; but they shall not come near. This is the reason for the word l’vado (alone), to exclude Aaron who had been included previously with Moses as far as the commandment [to “come up”].