Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 14:15/רמב"ן על בראשית י״ד:ט״ו

אוַיֵּחָלֵק עֲלֵיהֶם לַיְלָה כָּתַב רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית י"ד:ט"ו) לְפִי פְּשׁוּטוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ הָרוֹדְפִים שֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּגִים אַחַר בּוֹרְחֵיהֶם כְּשֶׁבּוֹרְחִין זֶה לְכָאן וְזֶה לְכָאן, "לַיְלָה", כְּלוֹמַר לְאַחַר שֶׁחָשְׁכָה לֹא נִמְנַע מִלְּרָדְפָם. וְהַנָּכוֹן כִּי רָדַף אוֹתָם בַּיּוֹם עַד דָּן עִם כָּל מַחֲנֵהוּ, וְכַאֲשֶׁר חָשַׁךְ עֲלֵיהֶם הַלַּיְלָה וְלֹא הָיָה רוֹאֶה אֵי זֶה דֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר יִבְרְחוּ בָּהּ, חָלַק עַמּוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו לִשְׁנַיִם אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה רָאשִׁים, וְלָקַח הַחֵלֶק הָאֶחָד עִמּוֹ וְרָדְפוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם בְּכָל הַדְּרָכִים וְהִכּוּם עַד חוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר מִשְּׂמֹאל לְדַמָּשֶׂק, וְחָזַר מִלִּרְדֹּף אַחֲרֵיהֶם. וְשִׁעוּרוֹ, וַיֵּחָלֵק עֲלֵיהֶם הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו לַיְלָה:
1AND HE DIVIDED HIMSELF, BY NIGHT. Rashi wrote: “In accordance with the plain sense of the verse it means [that they divided into groups] as is the manner of those who pursue their enemies when they flee in different directions. By night means that even after it became dark, they did not cease pursuing them.”The correct interpretation is that he pursued the enemies to Dan during the daytime with his entire army. When it became dark and he was not able to see by which road they fled, he divided his people and servants into two or three groups, taking one part with him, and they pursued them on all roads, smiting them as far as Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. Then he returned from pursuing them. The order of the words [in the verse are thus interpreted as follows]: “And he divided himself, he and his servants, by night.”
בוַיִּרְדְּפֵם עַד חוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר מִשְּׂמֹאל לְדַמָּשֶׂק יָדוּעַ כִּי מֶרְחָק רַב מִן אֵלוֹנֵי מַמְרֵא אֲשֶׁר בְּחֶבְרוֹן בְּאֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה לְדַמֶּשֶׂק אֲשֶׁר הוּא חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ. אִם כֵּן רָדַף אַחֲרֵיהֶם יָמִים רַבִּים עַד הוֹצִיאוֹ אוֹתָם מִן הָאָרֶץ, כִּי הֵם אֶל בָּבֶל אַרְצָם הָיוּ חוֹזְרִים. אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה נֵס גָּדוֹל, כַּאֲשֶׁר דָּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (ב"ר מג ג) בְּ"אֹרַח בְּרַגְלָיו לֹא יָבֹא" (ישעיהו מא ג):
2AND HE PURSUED THEM UNTO HOBAH, WHICH IS ON THE LEFT HAND OF DAMASCUS. It is known that there is a great distance from the oaks of Mamre in Hebron in the land of Judah, to Damascus, which is outside the Land. If so, he pursued them for many days until he forced them to leave the land for they were returning to Babylon, their country. Or possibly there occurred here a great miracle, just as our Rabbis expounded from the verse, The way with his foot he treadeth not.172