Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 29:31/רמב"ן על בראשית כ״ט:ל״א
אכִּי שְׂנוּאָה לֵאָה הִנֵּה לֵאָה רִמְּתָה בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ גַּם בְּיַעֲקֹב, כִּי אִם נֹאמַר שֶׁנָּהֲגָה כָּבוֹד בְּאָבִיהָ שֶׁאָחַז בָּהּ וְהִכְנִיסָהּ אֵלָיו וְאַל תַּמֵּר בּוֹ, הָיָה לָהּ לְהַגִּיד אוֹ לִרְמֹז כִּי הִיא לֵאָה, אַף כִּי הָיְתָה מִתְנַכֶּרֶת כָּל הַלַּיְלָה וּלְפִיכָךְ לֹא הִכִּירָהּ עַד שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתָהּ בַּבֹּקֶר, וְלָכֵן שְׂנֵאָהּ יַעֲקֹב. וְהָאֱלֹהִים יוֹדֵעַ כִּי לְהִנָּשֵׂא אֶל הַצַּדִּיק עָשְׂתָה כֵן, וְרִחֵם עָלֶיהָ. וְכָךְ אָמְרוּ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע"א:ב'), כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה יַעֲקֹב מַעֲשִׂים שֶׁרִמְּתָה לֵאָה בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ נָתַן דַּעְתּוֹ לְגָרְשָׁהּ, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁפְּקָדָהּ הקב"ה בְּבָנִים, אָמַר, לְאִמָּן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ אֲנִי מְגָרֵשׁ. וְזֶה טַעַם "וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים", כִּי חָמַל עָלֶיהָ שֶׁלֹּא יַעַזְבֶנָּה. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים (הרד"ק) כִּי שְׁתַּיִם נָשִׁים שֶׁהָאַחַת אֲהוּבָה מְאֹד תִּקָּרֵא הַשְּׁנִיָּה שְׂנוּאָה כְּנֶגְדָּהּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר "וַיֶּאֱהַב גַּם אֶת רָחֵל מִלֵּאָה", לֹא שֶׁשְּׂנֵאָהּ, וְהָיְתָה בּוֹשָׁה בַּדָּבָר, וְרָאָה אֱלֹהִים אֶת עָנְיָהּ:
1AND THE ETERNAL SAW THAT LEAH WAS HATED. Now Leah had deceived her sister and also Jacob. For even if we were to say that she showed respect for her father, who took her and brought her in to him and she was not rebellious against him, she should have by word or sign indicated that she was Leah. All the more is this so since she feigned herself all night to be another, which was the reason why Jacob did not recognize her until he saw her in the morning. It was for this reason that Jacob hated her. But G-d, knowing that she did so in order to be married to the righteous one, had compassion upon her. And so the Rabbis said in Bereshith Rabbah:95 “When Jacob saw the deeds by which Leah had deceived her sister, he decided to divorce her. But when the Holy One, blessed be He, remembered her by giving her children, Jacob said, ‘Shall I divorce the mother of these children?’” This is the meaning of the expression, And the Eternal saw: He had compassion upon her so that Jacob should not leave her. But there are some scholars96 who say that in the case of two wives, one of whom is loved exceedingly, the second one, who is the less beloved, is called “hated” relative to the first, just as Scripture said, And he loved Rachel more than Leah,97 but not that he hated her. Leah however was ashamed of the matter and so G-d saw her affliction.