Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 47:28/רמב"ן על בראשית מ״ז:כ״ח
אוַיְחִי יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה כְּבָר הִזְכַּרְתִּי (רמב"ן על בראשית מ"ג:י"ד) כִּי רֶדֶת יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם הוּא גָּלוּתֵנוּ הַיּוֹם בְּיַד הַחַיָּה הָרְבִיעִית (דניאל ז ז) רוֹמִי הָרְשָׁעָה, כִּי בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב הֵם עַצְמָם סִבְּבוּ רִדְתָּם שָׁם בִּמְכִירַת יוֹסֵף אֲחִיהֶם, וְיַעֲקֹב יָרַד שָׁם מִפְּנֵי הָרָעָב וְחָשַׁב לְהִנָּצֵל עִם בְּנוֹ בְּבֵית אוֹהֵב לוֹ, כִּי פַּרְעֹה אוֹהֵב אֶת יוֹסֵף וּכְבֵן לוֹ, וְהָיוּ סְבוּרִים לַעֲלוֹת מִשָּׁם כִּכְלוֹת הָרָעָב מֵאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (בראשית מ"ז:ד') "לָגוּר בָּאָרֶץ בָּאנוּ כִּי אֵין מִרְעֶה לַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לַעֲבָדֶיךָ כִּי כָבֵד הָרָעָב בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן", וְהִנֵּה לֹא עָלוּ, אֲבָל אָרַךְ עֲלֵיהֶם הַגָּלוּת וּמֵת שָׁם וְעָלוּ עַצְמוֹתָיו, וְזִקְנֵי פַּרְעֹה וְשָׂרָיו הֶעֱלוּהוּ וְעָשׂוּ עִמּוֹ אֵבֶל כָּבֵד, וְכֵן אֲנַחְנוּ עִם רוֹמִי וֶאֱדוֹם אַחֵינוּ הֲסִבּוֹנוּ בִּיאָתֵנוּ בְּיָדָם, כִּי כָּרְתוּ בְּרִית עִם הָרוֹמִיִּים, וְאַגְרִיפַּס הַמֶּלֶךְ הָאַחֲרוֹן לְבַיִת שֵׁנִי בָּרַח אֲלֵיהֶם לְעֶזְרָה, וּמִפְּנֵי הָרָעָב נִלְכְּדוּ אַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהַגָּלוּת אָרַךְ עָלֵינוּ מְאֹד לֹא נוֹדַע קִצּוֹ כִּשְׁאָר הַגָּלֻיּוֹת, וַאֲנַחְנוּ בּוֹ כְּמֵתִים אוֹמְרִים יָבְשׁוּ עַצְמוֹתֵינוּ נִגְזַרְנוּ לָנוּ, וְיַעֲלוּ אוֹתָנוּ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים מִנְחָה לַה', וְיִהְיֶה לָהֶם אֵבֶל כָּבֵד בִּרְאוֹתָם כְּבוֹדֵנוּ, וַאֲנַחְנוּ נִרְאֶה בְּנִקְמַת ה', יְקִימֵנוּ וְנִחְיֶה לְפָנָיו:
1AND JACOB LIVED IN THE LAND OF EGYPT SEVENTEEN YEARS. I have already mentioned1 that Jacob’s descent into Egypt alludes to our present exile at the hand of the “fourth beast,”2. which represents Rome. [There are many parallels,] for it was Jacob’s sons themselves who, by the sale of their brother Joseph, caused their going down there. Jacob, moreover, went there on account of the famine, thinking to find relief with his son in the house of his son’s friend, for Pharaoh loved Joseph and considered him as a son. It was their hope to ascend from there as soon as the famine would cease in the land of Canaan, just as they said, To sojourn in the land we have come, for thy servants have no pasture for their flocks, for the famine is heavy in the land of Canaan.3 But then they did not come up, but instead the exile prolonged itself upon Jacob and he died there, and his bones ascended from there accompanied by all the elders and courtiers of Pharaoh, who instituted severe lamentation for him. Our relationship with our brothers Rome and Edom is similar. We ourselves have caused our falling into their clutches, as they4 made a covenant with the Romans, and Agrippa, the last king during the Second Temple, fled to them for help. It was due to famine that Jerusalem was captured by the Romans, and the exile has exceedingly prolonged itself over us, with its end, unlike the other exiles,5 being unknown. We are in it as the dead, who say, “Our bones are dried up, we are completely cut off.”6 But in the end they will bring us from all the nations as an offering to the Eternal,7 and they will be in deep sorrow as they will behold our glory, and we will see the vengeance of the Eternal. May He raise us, that we may live in His presence.8