Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 1:32/רמב"ן על במדבר א׳:ל״ב
אלִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לִבְנֵי אֶפְרַיִם – הִקְדִּים אֶפְרַיִם לְמְנַשֶּׁה וְיִחֵס יוֹסֵף עָלָיו, וְכֵן לְמַטָּה בַּדְּגָלִים (להלן ב יח כ), כִּי הָיָה בַּעַל דֶּגֶל וְהוּא הַבְּכוֹר וְאָחִיו מִשְׁנֵהוּ כְּבִרְכַּת יַעֲקֹב (בראשית מח כ). וְעוֹד כִּי הָיוּ בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם רַבִּים מִבְּנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה. אֲבָל בַּמִּנְיָן הַשֵּׁנִי בְּעַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב הִקְדִּים מְנַשֶּׁה, כִּי הָיוּ בָּעֵת הַהִיא בְּנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה הָרַבִּים וְלָקְחוּ נַחֲלָתָם תְּחִלָּה. וְכֵן בִּנְשִׂיאֵי הָאָרֶץ הִקְדִּימוֹ וְיִחֵס יוֹסֵף עָלָיו (במדבר ל״ד:כ״ג). אֲבָל בַּמְרַגְּלִים הִקְדִּים אֶפְרַיִם, אֲבָל יִחֵס יוֹסֵף עַל מְנַשֶּׁה ״לְמַטֵּה יוֹסֵף לְמַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה״ (במדבר י״ג:י״א). וְהַנִּרְאֶה אֵלַי עַל דֶּרֶךְ אַגָּדָה כִּי בַּעֲבוּר הַדִּבָּה שֶׁהֵבִיא יוֹסֵף עַל אֶחָיו (בראשית לז ב) יִחֵס עָלָיו מוֹצִיא הַדִּבָּה, אוֹ שֶׁחָלַק כָּבוֹד לִשְׁנֵיהֶם, וְהָיָה דַי לְאֶפְרַיִם בִּכְבוֹד נְשִׂיאוֹ:
1OF THE CHILDREN OF JOSEPH, NAMELY, OF THE CHILDREN OF EPHRAIM. Scripture mentioned Ephraim before Menasheh, and stated Joseph’s relationship to him [which it does not do in the case of Menasheh],64 and similarly later [Scripture gave Ephraim precedence] at the [division of the tribes according to their] standards, by making him master of the standard, [whilst Menasheh is mentioned merely as one of the two tribes gathered around him], because in accordance with Jacob’s blessing65 he was to be [given the honor accorded to] the firstborn, and his brother [Menasheh] was to be second to him. Moreover, the sons of Ephraim were more numerous than those of Menasheh66 [and hence Ephraim was mentioned first]. But at the second census in the plains of Moab67 Scripture mentioned Menasheh first, because at that time his sons were more numerous [than those of Ephraim],68, Verse 34), whilst Ephraim had only 32,500 (ibid., Verse 37). and [also because] they took their inheritance first.69, 32:33). Similarly when mentioning the princes of the Land [who were to take possession of the Land for their respective tribes] Scripture mentioned Menasheh first, and also Joseph’s relationship to him.70, 34:23: Of the children of Joseph; of the tribe of the children of Menasheh. In the following verse Scripture mentions the prince of the children of Ephraim. In [the story of] the spies, however, Scripture mentioned Ephraim first, and Joseph’s relationship it stated only in referring to the tribe of Menasheh.71, 13:8, 11. It appears to me by way of homiletic exposition that it is on account of the evil report that Joseph brought [to his father] concerning his brothers72 that Scripture, [in the story of the spies], associates with him the spy who [was among those who] spread the evil report [about the Land, namely the spy from the tribe of Menasheh, whereas the spy from the tribe of Ephraim was Joshua the son of Nun, who was not among those who spread the evil report]. Or it may be that Scripture [in relating the story of the spies] gave honor to both [tribes who were descended from Joseph], and Ephraim had sufficient honor in its prince [Joshua the son of Nun who ministered to Moses, therefore Scripture mentioned the honor of descent from Joseph only in the case of Menasheh].