Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 11:5/רמב"ן על במדבר י״א:ה׳
אוְטַעַם אֲשֶׁר נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם, לְפִי פְּשׁוּטוֹ - כִּי הָיוּ הַדַּיָּגִים הַמִּצְרִיִּים מַעֲבִידִין אוֹתָן לִמְשֹׁךְ הַדָּגִים שֶׁנֶּאֱחָזִים בַּמְּצוּדָה וּבַמִּכְמוֹרוֹת, וְהָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם מִן הַדָּגִים כְּמִנְהַג כָּל פּוֹרְשֵׂי מִכְמֹרֶת. וְהַקִּשּׁוּאִים וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהֶחָצִיר וְהַבְּצָלִים וְהַשּׁוּמִים בְּמִצְרַיִם הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד, כִּי הִיא כְּגַן הַיָּרָק, וְכַאֲשֶׁר הָיוּ חוֹפְרִין לָהֶן בַּגִּנּוֹת וּבְכָל עֲבוֹדָה בַּשָּׂדֶה הָיוּ אוֹכְלִין מִן הַיְּרָקוֹת. אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם יִשְׂרָאֵל עַבְדֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ עוֹשִׂים מְלַאכְתּוֹ, וְהָיָה מְפַרְנֵס אוֹתָם בְּלֶחֶם צַר וּבְמַיִם לַחַץ, וְהָיוּ נְפוֹצִים בָּעִיר וְנִכְנָסִין בַּגִּנּוֹת וּבַשָּׂדוֹת, וְהָיוּ אוֹכְלִין מִן הַיְּרָקוֹת וְאֵין מְכַלִּים דָּבָר כְּמִנְהַג עַבְדֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְנוֹתְנִים לָהֶם עַל שְׂפַת הַיְּאוֹר מִמְּנָת הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּגִים קְטַנִּים אֲשֶׁר אֵין לָהֶם דָּמִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, כַּאֲשֶׁר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי בְּסֵדֶר וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת (א יא). וְזֹאת תְּלוּנַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תְּלוּנַת הָאֲסַפְסוּף, וְהִנֵּה הָיוּ מִתְאוֹנְנִים עַל מֹשֶׁה וְצוֹעֲקִים עָלָיו "תְּנָה לָּנוּ בָשָׂר וְנֹאכֵלָה" כַּאֲשֶׁר יַזְכִּיר (במדבר י״א:י״ג):
1WE REMEMBER THE FISH WHICH WE WERE WONT TO EAT IN EGYPT FOR NOUGHT. According to the plain meaning of Scripture [the explanation of the verse is that] the Egyptian fishermen used to put them to work to bring in the fish that they caught in their trawls and nets, and they would give them some fish [to eat], as is the custom of those that spread nets [upon the waters].160 And cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions and garlic159 are very abundant in Egypt, for it is as a garden of herbs,161 and when they dug for the Egyptians in gardens and in all manner of service in the field162 they would eat the vegetables. Or perhaps the Israelites who were the king’s slaves doing his work would be supported by him with sparing bread and scant water,163 and they would be dispersed throughout the city and would enter the gardens and fields, and eat of the vegetables without leaving anything over, as the king’s servants do. And [in addition it is possible that] they would give them at the edge of the river [Nile] small fish from the king’s portion which have no market-price in Egypt, as I have explained in Seder V’eileh Shemoth.164, 11. This was the complaint of the children of Israel,155 not the complaint of the mixed multitude155 [who were originally not of the stock of Israel and were not enslaved in Egypt, therefore they could not say, We remember the fish, which we were wont to eat in Egypt for nought; but after the mixed multitude fell a lusting155 they all] complained to Moses and demanded of him, Give us flesh, that we may eat,165 as Scripture mentions further on.