Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 30:4/רמב"ן על במדבר ל׳:ד׳
אוְאִשָּׁה כִּי תִדֹּר נֶדֶר לַה' וְשָׁמַע אָבִיהָ – רָצָה הַכָּתוּב לְהַזְכִּיר הָאִסּוּר תְּחִלָּה, לְהַגִּיד כִּי גַּם הַנַּעֲרָה בַּלָּאו הַנִּזְכָּר שֶׁלֹּא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ, וְעַל כֵּן אִם קִיֵּם לָהּ אָבִיהָ קָם הַנֶּדֶר, אֲבָל אִם הֵנִיא אוֹתָהּ לֹא יָקוּם. וְאָמַר יִסְלַח לָהּ כִּי הֵנִיא אָבִיהָ אוֹתָהּ, לְהַגִּיד שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר "יִסְלַח לָהּ" רַק כַּאֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה אַחֲרֵי הֲנָאַת הָאָב, לֹא מִתְּחִלָּה אִם עָבְרָה עַל הַנֶּדֶר וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן הֵנִיא אוֹתָהּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (נזיר כב): דְּמֵיגַז גָּיֵיז וְאֵינוֹ עוֹקֵר נֶדֶר מֵעִקָּרוֹ:
1AND IF A WOMAN VOWETH A VOW UNTO THE ETERNAL … 5. AND HER FATHER HEARETH HER VOW. Scripture wanted to mention the [case of] prohibition first [in Verses 4-5, namely that if she makes a vow and her father is quiet about it or confirms it, then all her vows shall stand ..] in order to tell us that a young girl [in her father’s house] is also subject to the negative commandment mentioned [previously], that he shall not break his word,10 and therefore if her father confirms her vow [expressly or tacitly] the vow shall stand, but if he disallowed her, it shall not stand.43 And Scripture states [in conclusion], and the Eternal will forgive her, because her father disallowed her,43 in order to tell us that G-d will only forgive her if she acted [in disregard of her vow] after her father had disallowed it, but not [if she broke it] at the beginning, that is, if she [first] transgressed her vow and later on her father disallowed it, just as the Rabbis have said: “[The father or husband] ‘cuts off’ [the vow from the moment that he disallows it], but [unlike a Sage] he does not uproot it retrospectively.”44 the time of “release” or “annulment.” In the case of the release by the Sage, since it takes effect retrospectively, there is no sin. In the case of the father or the husband, however, there is a sin entailed.