Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Exodus 14:15/ספורנו על שמות י״ד:ט״ו

אמַה תִּצְעַק אֵלָי. כִּי אָמְנָם הוּא הָיָה בִּכְלַל "וַיִּצְעֲקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל ה'" (שמות יד:י), אַמְנָם צְעָקַת מֹשֶׁה לֹא הָיְתָה מִיִּרְאַת פַּרְעֹה וְחֵילוֹ, כִּי כְבָר הִגִּיד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת מַפֶּלֶת הַמִּצְרִים וּמִיתָתָם כְּאָמְרוֹ "לֹא תֹסִיפוּ לִרְאֹתָם עוֹד עַד עוֹלָם, ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות יד:יג-יד). אֲבָל הָיְתָה צַעֲקָתוֹ עַל שָׂרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהֶעֱזוּ פְנֵיהֶם בְּאָמְרָם "הַמִבְּלִי אֵין קְבָרִים" (שמות יד:יא), וְחָשַׁב בִּשְׁבִיל זֶה שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁמְעוּ לוֹ לְהִכָּנֵס בַּיָּם. לְפִיכָךְ אָמַר לוֹ מַה תִּצְעַק אֵלָי בָּזֶה, כִּי אָמְנָם אַתָּה חוֹשֵׁד בִּכְשֵׁרִים.
1מה תצעק אלי?; G’d’s question seems at first glance redundant, seeing that Moses’ outcry could have been perceived as part of the nation’s outcry in verse 10, i.e. ויצעקו בני ישראל וגו'.However, Moses’ outcry had nothing to do with being afraid of the pursuing Egyptians. He had already predicted the downfall and death of Pharaoh and his army as being so decisive that Egypt as a world power would never again pose a serious threat to the Jews. (verse 13-14) He had also told the people that G’d would do the fighting for them and that all they had to do was to remain silent. Moses’ outcry was one of concern with the rebellious attitude of the people who not only were afraid, something that could be forgiven, but who had dared to be sarcastic in their hour of danger, ridiculing Moses’ leadership to the point where he was afraid that they would refuse to enter the sea when told to. G’d told Moses that he had no right to assume such a thing, that in fact he was suspecting innocent people of lack of faith.
בדַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִסָּעוּ. וְלֹא יַמְרוּ אֶת פִּיךָ:
2דבר אל בני ישראל ויסעו, G’d is challenging Moses to issue the order to move forward, assuring him that he will see immediately that the people will respond positively.