Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Exodus 14:5/ספורנו על שמות י״ד:ה׳

אכִּי בָרַח הָעָם. שֶׁלֹּא הָלְכוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר עַל קַו יָשָׁר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיָּעֲדוּ בְּאָמְרָם "דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים נֵלֵךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר" (שמות ח:כג), אֲבָל חָזְרוּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם כְּבוֹרְחִים בִּלְתִּי יוֹדְעִים הַדֶּרֶךְ:
1כי ברח העם, they had not marched straight into the desert as they had maintained they would. In 8,23 all they had asked for was to be allowed to march into the desert a distance of three days’ journey. They had now departed from their planned route so that this could be interpreted as an attempt to flee. The new route made no sense, showing they did not know where they were headed, just as one would expect of a fugitive.
בוַיֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַב פַּרְעֹה. כִּי חָשַׁב שֶׁהָיָה בַּעַל צְפוֹן יָכוֹל נֶגֶד הָאֵל יִתְבָּרַךְ.
2ויהפך לבב פרעה, Pharaoh had concluded that the Baal Tzefon was an equal to G’d and could frustrate His designs.
גמַה זֹּאת עָשִׂינוּ כִּי שִׁלַּחְנוּ. וְלֹא דָּרַשְׁנוּ אֶת בַּעַל צְפוֹן שֶׁהָיָה עוֹזֵר לָנוּ, וְלֹא הָיִינוּ מֻכְרָחִים לְשַׁלֵּחַ.
3מה זאת עשינו כי שלחנו, what (a foolish thing) have we done in dismissing the Israelites, etc.! We should have consulted Baal Tzefon who would have helped us so that we would have had no need to let the Israelites depart.