Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Exodus 15:11/ספורנו על שמות ט״ו:י״א
אמִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִים. נָתַן שֶׁבַח לָאֵל יִתְבָּרַךְ עַל מִלְחַמְתּוֹ הַשְּׁלִישִׁית נֶגֶד הֲמוֹן רֶכֶב מִצְרַיִם, וְאָמַר: מִי כָמוֹךָ בַּחֲזָקִים, שֶׁיּוּכַל לְשַׁנּוֹת טֶבַע הַנִּמְצָאִים הַבִּלְתִּי נִפְסָדִים בְּטִבְעָם.
1מי כמוכה בא-לים; Moses praised the Lord for His third war, the one against the Egyptian cavalry of the second quality. G’d’s incomparable stature consists in His ability to change the nature of phenomena in the universe which had previously been considered as indestructible, inviolate, impervious to any attempt by man to influence their nature in any way.
בנֶאְדָּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ. הִנֵּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בַּמֻּחְלָט הוּא הַבִּלְתִּי נִפְסָד כְּלָל, כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סנהדרין צב.) מֵתִים שֶׁעָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְהַחֲיוֹת אֵינָם חוֹזְרִין לַעֲפָרָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיהו ד:ג) "הַנִּשְׁאָר בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם קָדוֹשׁ יֵאָמֵר לוֹ" מַה קָּדוֹשׁ לְעוֹלָם קַיָּם וכו'. אָמַר, שֶׁאֵין כְּמוֹ הָאֵל יִתְבָּרַךְ נוֹדָע לְאַדִּיר וּמֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל אֱלֹהִים קְדוֹשִׁים וְנִצְחִיִּים, וּלְפִיכָךְ לוֹ לְבַדּוֹ יָאוֹת לְשַׁנּוֹת טֶבַע כָּל נִמְצָא בִּלְתִּי נִפְסָד, כִּי נִצְחִיּוּת כָּל נִצְחִי לֹא יִהְיֶה זוּלָתִי מֵאִתּוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ.
2נאדר בקודש, that which is קודש, holy, is by definition something indestructible. This is what our sages meant (Sanhedrin 92) when they stated that the righteous people who will be resurrected in the future will never again return to their dust. They based this on Isaiah 4,3 הנשאר בציון והנותר בירושלים........ קרוש יאמר להם, “and those who remain in Zion and are left in Jerusalem, all who are inscribed for life in Jerusalem, shall be called holy.” The Talmud concludes: “what is the meaning of the word נאדר used here by Moses? There is none such as the Lord Who is known to be eternal, King over even all other holy beings, the ones that are also of an enduring nature, not mortal or subject to decay. This is the reason why there is no one else who is entitled to be worshipped, exalted, obeyed, etc. Anything that is infinite had its origin in the Lord, Who is not only infinite but also eternal.
גנוֹרָא תְהִלֹּת. וּמִי שֶׁיָּדַע גֹּדֶל תְּהִלּוֹתָיו יִירָאֵהוּ בִּשְׁבִילוֹ, לֹא בִּשְׁבִיל יִרְאַת עֹנֶשׁ שֶׁיָּבֹא מֵאִתּוֹ.
3נורא תהלות, anyone aware of the marvelous attributes of His cannot fail but recite these praises in awe, not because he is afraid of being punished but because the very nature of G’d inspires awe and reverence.
דעוֹשֵׂה פֶלֶא. עוֹשֶׂה מַה שֶׁיִּפָּלֵא מִן הַטֶּבַע לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּשׁוּם אֹפֶן, כְּגוֹן עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן וְעַמּוּד הָאֵשׁ.
4עושה פלא. He accomplishes marvelous, supernatural results, such as the type of pillar of cloud and pillar of fire which were tailored to fit the needs of the Jewish people at that time.