Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Exodus 20:3/ספורנו על שמות כ׳:ג׳

אלֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁתְּקַבְּלוּ מַלְכוּתִי, לֹא תַעֲבֹד זוּלָתִי כְּעוֹבֵד לְעֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ, עַל דֶּרֶךְ "אֶת ה' הָיוּ יְרֵאִים, וְאֶת אֱלֹהֵיהֶם הָיוּ עֹבְדִים" (מלכים ב יז:לג).
1לא יהיה לך אלוהים, even though you accepted My Kingdom, you must not at the same time also attribute divine qualities to any other servant of Mine. A violation of this commandment is cited in Kings II 17,33 (the subject being the Samarians, a people transplanted by the king of Assyria from Babylon, Chamass, etc., to where the ten tribes of the Northern Kingdom had lived before being exiled by the Assyrians under Tiglat Pilesser. These people are reported as “worshipping the G’d of Israel (as they now were within what they considered to be His domain.) But at the same time they also worshipped other deities. The priest sent by the king of Assyria to teach these Samarians the Jewish religion considered their worshipping the G’d of Israel as quite useless. He told them that unless they worshipped the G’d of Israel exclusively they would likely continue to suffer the incursions of lions, etc.
בעַל פָּנָי. שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִין כָּבוֹד לַעֲבָדִים בִּמְקוֹם הַמֶּלֶךְ, וַאֲנִי בְּכָל מָקוֹם עַל אֹפֶן אֶחָד בְּשָׁוֶה.
2על פני. It is intolerable to honour the servant in the presence of the Master. If that is so with masters and servants that are mortal, how much more so is it true of Eternal G’d and His underlings.