Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Exodus 6:13/ספורנו על שמות ו׳:י״ג
אוַיְצַוֵּם. מִנָּה אוֹתָם לְשָׂרִים, כְּמוֹ "וַיִּסְמֹךְ אֶת יָדָיו עָלָיו וַיְצַוֵּהוּ" (במדבר כז:כג), וּ"וְצִוְּךָ לְנָגִיד" (שמואל א כה:ל) וְזוּלָתָם.
1ויצום, He appointed them as ministers. We find something parallel in Numbers 27,23 when ויצוהו means that Moses appointed Joshua as his successor with the same authority as he had possessed during the previous 40 years. Also in Samuel I 25,30 the words וצוך לנגיד, refer to David being appointed the supreme authority over the Jewish people. There are more similar examples in Scripture.
באֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּמוֹ "אֶל הֶהָרִים לֹא אָכָל" (יחזקאל יח:ו).
2אל בני ישראל, the same as על בני ישראל, “over the Children of Israel,” i.e. to be in charge of them. Compare Ezekiel 18,6 אל ההרים לא אכל which means: “he did not eat on the mountains.”
גוְאֶל פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ מִצְרָיִם לְהוֹצִיא. וְעַל פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם מִנָּה אוֹתָם לְשָׂרִים בְּעִנְיַן הוֹצָאַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם, בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְגַם פַּרְעֹה יִשְׁמְעוּ עַל כָּרְחָם לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן הַמְמֻנִּים עֲלֵיהֶם מֵאִתּוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ.
3ואל פרעה מלך מצרים להוציא, as well as in charge of Pharaoh the King of Egypt, for the purpose of leading the Jews out, etc.. Concerning this topic both Pharaoh and the people of Israel were placed under the direction of Moses and Aaron.