Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 9:3/רמב"ן על במדבר ט׳:ג׳
אכְּכָל חֻקֹּתָיו – כָּתוּב בְּפֵרוּשׁ רַשִׁ״י: אֵלּוּ מִצְווֹת שֶׁבְּגוּפוֹ - שֶׂה תָמִים זָכָר בֶּן שָׁנָה, וּכְכָל מִשְׁפָּטָיו - אֵלּוּ מִצְווֹת שֶׁעַל גּוּפוֹ, לְשִׁבְעַת יָמִים לְמַצָּה וּלְבִעוּר חָמֵץ. וְטָעוּת סוֹפֵר הוּא, אֶלָּא מִצְווֹת שֶׁבְּגוּפוֹ - שֶׂה תָמִים זָכָר בֶּן שָׁנָה, שֶׁעַל גּוּפוֹ - צְלִי אֵשׁ רֹאשׁוֹ עַל כְּרָעָיו וְעַל קִרְבּוֹ, שֶׁחוּץ לְגוּפוֹ - מַצָּה וּבִעוּר חָמֵץ, וְלֹא דִבֵּר בָּהֶן הַכָּתוּב כָּאן. וְכֵן בְּפֶסַח שֵׁנִי נֶאֱמַר חֻקֹּתָיו וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו (במדבר ט׳:י״ד), וּמַצָּה וְחָמֵץ עִמּוֹ בַּבַּיִת, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא יוֹם אֶחָד. וְקִצֵּר הַכָּתוּב לֵאמֹר: ״בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם תַּעֲשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ כְּכָל חֻקֹּתָיו וּכְכָל מִשְׁפָּטָיו תַּעֲשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ״, לְרַבּוֹת דִּינֵי הָאֲכִילָה שֶׁאֵינָן בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם הַנִּזְכָּר בַּכָּתוּב, כִּי בַּלַּיְלָה שֶׁאַחֲרָיו יֵאָכֵל, שֶׁכְּבָר פֵּרַשׁ שָׁם: ״וְאָכְלוּ אֶת הַבָּשָׂר בַּלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה״ וְגוֹ' (שמות יב ח). וְכֵן ״בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם יַעֲשׂוּ אֹתוֹ עַל מַצּוֹת וּמְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ״ (במדבר ט׳:י״א), טַעְמוֹ - יֹאכְלֻהוּ בְּעֵת הָאֲכִילָה הַנִּזְכֶּרֶת שָׁם בַּצַּוָּאָה שֶׁל פֶּסַח רִאשׁוֹן.
1ACCORDING TO ALL THE STATUTES OF IT, AND ACCORDING TO ALL THE ORDINANCES THEREOF, SHALL YE BRING IT [i.e., the Passover-offering]. Now it is written in the commentary of Rashi: “According to all the statutes of it — this refers to the laws concerning the animal itself, [that it should be] a lamb without blemish, a male of the first year.72, Verse 5. And according to all the ordinances thereof — this relates to the laws ‘upon’ the lamb,73 such as eating unleavened bread for seven days, and the removal of leavened bread.” But this is a copyist’s error.74 [For the laws which concern the animal itself are as stated above], a lamb without blemish, a male of the first year;72, Verse 5. the laws “upon” the animal are that it should be roast with fire; its head with its legs and with the inwards thereof;75 whereas the laws which are “outside” the animal itself are [the duty to eat] unleavened bread [on the first evening of the festival] and the duty of removing leavened bread, concerning which Scripture does not speak here at all. Similarly, it is said of the second Passover that [it should be observed] according to the statute of the Passover, and according to the ordinance thereof,76 and a person may [then] have both unleavened bread and leavened bread with him in his house,77 and it applies for only one day.78 of the second Passover, since we have been taught that on the second Passover one may have both unleavened and leavened bread with one in the house! Furthermore, the second Passover applies only for one day; so how can there be a duty to eat unleavened bread for seven days included in “the ordinances that are upon the animal” [as our texts of Rashi have it]!Now Scripture spoke briefly, saying, at dusk, ye shall bring it in its appointed season; according to all the statutes of it, and according to all the ordinances thereof, shall ye bring it,79 thereby including the laws relating to eating it, that it should not be on the day mentioned by the verse [on which the offering is slaughtered], but it is to be eaten on the following night, since He already explained previously, And they shall eat the flesh in that night etc.80 Similarly, In the second month on the fourteenth day at dusk they shall bring it; they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs,81 means they shall eat it at the time of eating mentioned in the command concerning the first Passover.